History of Coffee Essay

The global transmit of umber developing and inebriation began in the Horn of Africa, where, according to legend, hot chocoformer(a) trees originated in the Ethiopian duty of Kaffa. It is recorded that the fruit of the plant, known as coffee cherries, was eaten by slaves taken from present day Sudan into Yemen and Arabia by dint of the great port of its day, Mocha. Coffee was certainly being cultivated in Yemen by the 15th hundred and probably much earlier.In an attempt to prevent its cultivation elsewhere, the Arabs imposed a ban on the export of fertile coffee beans, a restriction that was eventually circumvented in 1616 by the Dutch, who brought live coffee plants back to the Netherlands to be grown in greenhouses. Initially, the authorities in Yemen actively encourage coffee drinking. The send-off coffeehouses or kaveh kanes opened in Mecca and quickly mobilize throughout the Arab populace, thriving as places where chess was played, gibber was exchanged and singing, d ancing and music were enjoyed.Nothing quite like this had existed before a place where kindly and business life could be conducted in comfortable surroundings and where for the price of a cup of coffee anyone could venture. Perhaps predictably, the Arabian coffeehouse soon became a centre of policy-making activity and was suppressed. Over the close few decades coffee and coffeehouses were banned numerous times but kept reappearing until eventually an acceptable expressive fashion out was found when a tax was introduced on both. By the late 1600s the Dutch were growing coffee at Malabar in India and in 1699 took some plants to Batavia in Java, in what is now Indonesia.Within a few years the Dutch colonies had become the main suppliers of coffee to Europe, where coffee had first been brought by Venetian traders in 1615. This was a period when the two other globally significant hot beverages also appe ard in Europe. Hot chocolate was the first, brought by the irrigateing hole nish from the Americas to Spain in 1528 and tea, which was first sold in Europe in 1610. At first coffee was mainly sold by lemonade vendors and was believed to have medicinal qualities. The first European coffeehouse opened in Venice in 1683, with the approximately famous, Caffe Florian in Piazza San Marco, scuttle in 1720.It is motionlessness open for business today. The largest insurance market in the world, Lloyds of London, began life as a coffeehouse. It was started in 1688 by Edward Lloyd, who prepared lists of the ships that his customers had insured. The first literary reference to coffee being drunk in northeast America is from 1668 and, soon after, coffee houses were established in New York, Philadelphia, Boston and other towns. The Boston teatime Party Of 1773 was planned in a coffee house, the Green Dragon. Both the New York Stock interchange and the Bank of New York started in coffeehouses in what is today known as Wall Street.In 1720 a French naval ships officer named Gabriel Mathieu de Clieu, while on leave in Paris from his post in Martinique, acquired a coffee tree with the intention of taking it with him on the re repeal voyage. With the plant secured in a glass case on deck to keep it warm and prevent damage from salt water, the locomote proved eventful. As recorded in de Clieus own journal, the ship was threatened by Tunisian pirates. There was a violent storm, during which the plant had to be tied down. A jealous fellow officer tested to sabotage the plant, resulting in a branch being torn off.When the ship was becalmed and drinking water rationed, De Clieu ensured the plants survival by giving it most of his precious water. Finally, the ship arrived in Martinique and the coffee tree was re-planted at Preebear. It grew, and multiplied, and by 1726 the first harvest was ready. It is recorded that, by 1777, there were amidst 18 and 19 million coffee trees on Martinique, and the model for a new cash enclothe that could be grown in t he New World was in place. But it was the Dutch who first started the spread of the coffee plant in Central and South America, where today it reigns supreme as the main Continental cash crop.Coffee first arrived in the Dutch colony of Surinam in 1718, to be followed by plantations in French Guyana and the first of many in Brazil in the state of Para. In 1730 the British introduced coffee to Jamaica, where today the most famous and expensive coffee in the world is grown in the begrimed Mountains. The 17th and 18th centuries saw the establishment across Brazil of vast sugar plantations or fazendas, have by the countrys elite. As sugar prices weakened in the 1820s, capital and labour migrated to the southeasterly in response to the expansion of coffee growing in the Paraiba Valley, where it had been introduced in 1774.By the beginning of the 1830s Brazil was the worlds largest producer with some 600,000 bags a year, followed by Cuba, Java and Haiti, each with yearly production of 35 0 to 450,000 bags. World production amounted to some 2. 5 million bags per year. The rapid expansion of production in Brazil and Java, among others, caused a significant decline in world prices. These bottomed out in the late 1840s, from which point a strong upward movement occurred, reaching its peak in the 1890s. During this latter period, imputable mainly to a lack of inland transport and man provide, Brazilian expansion slowed considerably.Meanwhile, the upward movement of prices encouraged the harvest-festival of coffee cultivation in other producing regions in the Americas much(prenominal) as Guatemala, Mexico, El Salvador and Colombia. In Colombia, where coffee had been introduced by the Jesuits as early as 1723, civil strife and the in dooribility of the vanquish coffee-growing regions had hampered the growth of a coffee industry. Following the Thousand Days War of 1899 to 1903, the new peace saw Colombians turn to coffee as their salvation.While larger plantations, or ha ciendas, dominated the upper Magdalena river regions of Cundinamarca and Tolima, determined peasants staked new claims in the mountainous regions to the west, in Antioquia and Caldas. New railways, relying on coffee for profit, allowed more coffee to be grown and transported. The opening of the Panama Canal in 1914 permitted exports from Colombias previously unreachable Pacific coast, with the port of Buenaventura assuming change magnitude immensity. In 1905 Colombia exported five hundred thousand bags of coffee by 1915 exports had doubled.While Brazil desperately tried to control its overproduction, Colombian coffee became increasingly popular with American and European consumers. In 1914 Brazil supplied three-quarters of U. S. imports with 5. 6 million bags, but by 1919 that figure had fallen to 4. 3 million, while Colombias share had lift from 687,000 to 915,000 bags. During the same period Central American exports to the U. S. had risen from 302,000 to 1. 2 million bags. In s pite of political turmoil, social upheaval and economic vicissitude, the 20th century saw an essentially continuous rise in ingest for coffee.U. S. spending continued to grow reaching a peak in 1946, when annual per capita consumption was 19. 8 pounds, twice the figure in 1900. Especially during periods of high global prices, this steadily increasing demand lead to an expansion in production throughout the coffee-growing regions of the world. With the process of decolonisation that began in the years spare-time activity the Second World War, many newly independent nations in Africa, nonably Uganda, Kenya, Rwanda and Burundi, found themselves in varying degrees dependent on coffee export revenue.For US coffee drinkers, the countrys wettest city, Seattle, has become equivalent with a new type of cafe culture, which, from its birth in the 1970s, swept the continent, dramatically improving the universal quality of the beverage. This new found evangelism for coffee has spread to th e rest of the world, even to countries with great coffee traditions of their own, such as Italy, Germany, and Scandinavia, adding new converts to the pleasures of good coffee. Today it is possible to find good coffee in either major(ip) city of the world, from London to Sydney to Tokyo we are drinking more and, more importantly, better coffee.The importance of coffee to the world economy cannot be overstated. It is one of the most valuable primary products in world trade, in many years second in value only to oil as a source of foreign exchange to producing countries. Its cultivation, processing, trading, transportation and marketing provide employment for hundreds of millions of people worldwide. Coffee is decisive to the economies and politics of many developing countries for many of the worlds Least Developed Countries, exports of coffee rate for more than 50 percent of their foreign exchange earnings.Coffee is a traded commodity on major futures and commodity exchanges, most importantly in London and New York. ARCHITECTURAL SOLUTION I. FACILITIES According to the experts and professionals, the facilities moldiness be divided into series of modules which can be combined as required to suit a particular location. The following modules are included A. Administrative Service Lobby 15 m? discipline and Reception area 10 m? Toilet 1. 67 m? B. Employee Facilities Cafeteria and Kitchen 30 m? entertainment Area (Indoor and Outdoor) 50 m? Factory handss and Womens Lockers and Toilets 35 m? topographic point Mens and womens Lockers and Toilets 35 m? Meeting area 45 m? concurs station and First Aid 25 m? C. Warehouse 200 m? D. puckish Processing Area (Produces Washed Coffee) Cherry reception/Sorting Area 15 m? / mould Floatation Area 30 m? Pregrader/Pulper Area 15 m? / political machine Pregrading Area 25 m? Fermentation Area 35 m? Washing Area 25 m? leveling Area 15 m? /machine Skin Drying Area 15 m? /machine temperateness and or Mechanica l drying area 20 m? /machine Storage 35 m? Toilet( Men and Women) 6 m? E. Dry Processing Area( Produces Original Coffee).Cherry reception/Sorting area 15 m? /machine Floatation area 25 m? Skin drying and raking area 20 m?/machine Storage/conditioning area 35 m? Toilet(Men and Women) 6 m? F. Coffee mill Area 25 m? /machine G. Packaging Area 20 m? /machine H. chocolate Processing (to produce cocoa butter, cocoa powder) Cocoa Bean Reception Area 30 m? Cleansing and Shelling Area 45 m? Winnowing And Roasting Area 30 m? Grinding and Refining Area 15 m? /machine Alcalizing Area 20 m? insistence Area 20 m? /machine Milling Area25 m? /machine Bagging Area 25 m? /machine Storage 35 m? I. Delivery Loading/Unloading Area 80 m? J. Parking Area 100 m? K. Villas for tourist 3600 m? Villa lot size one hundred twenty m? L. Villas for Workers 3000 m? Villa lot size 90 m? M. Museum 150 m? N. Coffee Spa 200 m? O. Restaurant 200 m? P. Horse Back riding 500 m? Q. Sports and Recreational Facilities 1500 m? Machinery and Equipments (Wet Process and Dry Process) Vertical Dick Type Coffee Pulper VCP 700 Vertical track record Type Coffee Pulper VCP 5000 Vertical Dick Type Coffee Pulper VCP 200 pailful Elevators 1 Bucket Elevators 2 Coffee Hullers Coffee Graders Gravity Separators Catador 50 kg/hour Coffee Roaster 150 kg/hour Coffee Roaster 70 kg/hour Coffee Roaster Coffee Grinder Coffee mixer Machine Harverster Korvan Harvester Brastoft Harvester.Details and Images of Machineries and Equipments attached in Appendix I BREWING TIPS FOR THAT PERFECT form Buy freshly roasted coffee in whole beans. Coffee is best consumed within 60 days from when it was roasted. Store in an air tight container away from light. Grind your coffee as you fill it. Make sure that you use the right grind for your brewing system. Use cold filtered water that is kind tasting. Use one standard coffee measure or two tablespoons per 6 oz cup of coffee To keep your brewed coffee longer transfers it to a thermos. Space Programming (Coffee Processing) Space Programming (Employee Facilities). rank choice I. Criteria for Site Selection Location It should be hardened in an bucolic zone with soil that are deep, well-drained and rich in organic matter Size 30 to 50 hectares Accessibility Easy access to subway system Manila, to major to nonaged road Transportation essential be reachable through commuters and orphic vehicles Climate/Environment Climate which has sharply defined wet and dry placate, the mean temperature is 20o to 38o Celsius Topography relatively monotonous Utilities Accessible to water main, proper sewage system, electrical service and communication networks .Site Selection Criteria Site A Site B Site C (Sumulong,Batangas) (Lipa urban center, Batangas) (Lipa City, Batangas) Location It should be located in It is located in an uncouth It is located in agricultural zoneIt is located in agricultural an agricultural z one with soil thatzone of brgy. Simulong Batangas of Brgy. Pinagkawitan, City of zone of Brgy. Pussil. City of are deep, well-drained and rich in City Lipa Lipa organic matter Size 30 to 50 hectares.20 hectares 55 hectares 24 hectares Utilities Accessible to water National Power Corporation, National Power Corporation, National Power Corporation, main, proper sewage system, Batangas Water regularize Batangas Water District, PLDT, Batangas Water District, PLDT, electrical service and Digitel Telecommunication Phils. Digitel Telecommunication communication networks And public Telecom Phils.And Globe Telecom Accessibility Easy access to Easy access to Metro Manila, to Easy access to Metro Manila Easy access to Metro Manila Metro Manila, to major and minor major and minor road To major to minor road to major to minor road road Transportation Must be reachablePublic utility vehicles Public utility vehicles Public utility vehicles through commuters and insular Private vehicles Private vehicles Private vehicles vehicles Topography Relatively flat Relatively flat Relatively flat Relatively flat .Climate Climate which has sharplyTemperature of 26 / 38c, wet Temperature of 25 / 36C wet Temperature of 25 / 38C wet defined wet and dry season, the and dry season and dry season and dry season mean temperature is 20o to 38o Celsius Based from the site selection, Site B is the best site among the other site choices. Site B is strategically located in well agricultural zone and meets the entire requirement needed in the proposal in term of conditions of land and quad from the Brgys.Apparently Site B heading the most perfect site for the proposal since, it is near from the commercial-grade areas and its in agricultural zone III. Profile of Site A. Locations Situated in near Brgy. Pinagkawitan, Lipa City, Batangas, Boundaries South Luzon Expressway, sky pilot Torres Provincial Road B. Size As recommended the size of the site 3 0 to 50 Hectares is near and most rated in the site category and most preferred site standard to the proposal. C. Accessibility the site handiness is no problem at all since the site is adjacent to the expressway and major road in Batangas D.Utilities Telephone, Fax, Radio, Electricity from National Power Corporation, water supply from Batangas Water District E. Transportation Public public utility vehicles and rivate vehicles F. Topography flat terrain Map and details of the site are attached in Appendix II public figure CONCEPT Modern architecture is a term given to a number of building styles with resembling characteristics, primarily the simplification of form and the elimination of ornament. The style was conceived early in the 20th century.Modern computer architecture was adopted by many influential architects and architectural educators, however very few Modern buildings were built in the first half of the century. It gained popularity after the Second World War and became the dominant architectural style for institutional and corporate buildings for three decades. CHARACTERISTICS Modern architecture is usually characterized by a rejection of historical styles as a source of architectural form (historicism) an credence of the principle that the materials and functional requirements determine the result. an adoption of the machine aesthetic a rejection of ornament a simplification of form and elimination of unnecessary detail an adoption of expressed structure Form follows function DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS ZONING Zoning determines the size and use of buildings, where they are located and, in large measure, the densities of the citys diverse neighborhoods. Along with the citys power to budget, tax, and condemn property, zoning is a key tool for carrying out planning policy.ACCESSIBILITY Accessibility is a general term used to describe the degree to which a product (e. g. , device, service, and environment) is accessible by as many people as p ossible. DISABILITIES The disability rights movement advocates equal access to social, political, and economic life which includes not only physical access but access to the same tools, services, organizations and facilities which we all pay for. STABILITY stability of the propose building must be consider.The builfing must withstand any circumstances that might rival and might destroy it, like an earthquake.References Burea of Agricultural Statistics Department of Agriculture Nescafe Philippines Inc Nestle Philippines Inc P. D. 856 Code on sanitation of the Philippines and Its Implementing Rules and Regulations P. D. 1096 National Building Code of the Philippines and Its Implementing P. D. 1185 Fire Code of the Philippines and Its Implementing Rules and Regulations R. A. 184 Philippine Electrical Code R. A.1378 National plumbing Code of the Philippines and Its Implementing http//www. tupeloplantation. com/documents/tupelo-plantation-pud. pdf www. internationalorganizationo fcoffee. inc http//www. charityfarm. co. uk/charityfarm. htm http//www. vetiver. org/ETH_WORKSHOP_09/ETH_A6a. pdf http//www. losaricoffeeplantation. com/ http//xandercap. com/Documents/New%20Exec%20Summary%20-%20V2. pdf www. internationalorganizationofcoffee. inc Time-Saver Standards for Building Types. McGraw-Hill Book Company. 1980 THE SITE.