Reggio Emillia Essay

A Reggio pre- groom is a special mannequin of place, one in which young human beings atomic number 18 invited to grow in mind, in sensibility and in be wideing to a broader community. (Learning and teaching Scotland, 2006) For this upshot study I am going to look at the quatern themes of the Early Years Foundation Stage, in any case kn sustain as the EYFS. The EYFS stigmatises the standards that ever soy(prenominal) early years providers must meet to ensure that electric shaverren learn, develop well, and are kept healthy and safe.It promotes teaching and learning to ensure childrens school readiness and gives children the broad range of k straightledge and skills that give provide the amend foundation for good future progress, end-to-end school, and adult life. (Hutchin, 2012) I will be highlighting links amid the EYFSs four-spot primary(prenominal) themes A Unique Child, Positive Relationships, Enabling Environments and Learning and Developing, and discussing how th e Reggio genus genus genus Emilia surface sustains these themes. The Reggio Emilia Approach is focused on preschool and primary education, originally set up in the northern Italian town of Reggio Emilia.It has a repute for forward idea and excellence in its approach to early childhood education. It is an approach where the expressive arts play a central image in learning and where a unique reciprocal learning family relationship exists between practitioner and child. (Tornton, 2006) According to Locke and Rousseau children are born as bloodless slates completely free of any predisposition or vulnerabilities, and that everything the child would gravel was due to the effects of their surround.(Moyles, 2010) Though inwardly the Reggio Emilia approach they charm children as slightly assorted, they believe children are empty vessels waiting thirstily to be filled with knowledge. Reggio educators believe strongly that a child has straight-out potential and is eager to interac t with, and contribute to the world. (Learning and teaching Scotland, 2006) The route the Reggio Emilia Approach consumes their children is much worry the Early Years Foundation Stage. The EYFS states ever child is a unique child who is constantly learning and lavatory be resilient, capable, confident and self-assured.(EYFS, 2012) Both the EYFS and the Reggio Emilia Approach see children as individuals this is conveyed throughout the EYFS, as one of its main themes is A Unique Child. The EYFS states practitioners should get a line and observe each childs development and learning, assess progress, and be after for the next steps. (EYFS, 2012) The Reggio Emilia approach tackles this in a very contrasting way in relation to the UK. Childrens work is enrolmented throughout the year on walls to display a story of the childs learning it is not virtuallything that is made after the child has finished working.Educators observe, document and analyse childrens learning journeys, th ey are able to make aware hypotheses about how to guide children in their learning. It is obvious then that documentation is outlying(prenominal) removed from photographic displays of completed project work. (Learning and Teaching Scotland, 2006) Throughout the Reggio Emilia constructions there are many long, child height mirrors. This is designed to support children to help them develop a positive sense of their own identity element and culture. This is one of the practices of the Unique Child theme in the EYFS.Another way the Reggio Emilia Approach supports children finding their own identity is pedagogy this room that art is seen as another(prenominal) way of communicating and expressing ideas. Children are also encouraged to raise their own questions and answers, and this re-enforces the childs opinion that their holding is valued. Education is based on relationships. Reggio Emilia instructors are seen as vocalizationners in learning, (Tornton, 2006) for theoretical acco unt pupils and teachers work together aiming towards a common purpose the construct of a culture. This respects childhood as a time to explore, make out and be joyful.Participation begins even off before the children set out started school, through a comprehensive integration programme. This involves meetings between children, parents and teachers to build an image of the child as an individual. This often involves the child doing a task such as make a holiday booklet of photographs and favourite nursery rhymes this quite a little be used as stimulus for discussion between child and teacher. (Learning and Teaching Scotland, 2006) The teachers working with the child links to one of the four themes within the EYFS- Positive Relationships.The EYFS states you should be supportive of the childs own efforts and independence (EYFS, DATE). By the teacher being a partner in learning, suggests that children could have the independence to convey their thoughts and ideas more freely. To give an example The teacher strives to support and encourage the child on the learning journey, encouraging them to excogitate and to question. In this sense, the role of the teacher is not to dispense information or simply to correct. Rather, the teacher is like a tool that the children use when some needed.(Learning and Teaching Scotland, 2006) This also links to Jerome Bruners theory of scaffolding, this is the idea that you mass give children support in their learning. Froebel also stressed the signifi tail assemblyce of building positive relationships within an educational environment his most substantial endow to children was the classroom, symbolically viewed as an extension of a lovely, thriving garden. This enabled the teacher to grow on the role of a loving, supportive parent. (Bruce, 2012) This shows that from a personal view he thought teachers should be like an empathetic parent.Environment plays a key role in supporting and extending a childs development. Vygots ky believed that we learn from our environment and the people around us. (Vygotsky, 1978) His view is much like the teachings of the Reggio Emilia Approach, for example one of their fundamental principles says the environment is the third teacher, the environment is recognised for its potential to inspire children. (Tornton, 2006) Kerka (1999) suggests that an environment that nurtures learning provides the necessary resources and time for investigative play and experimentation.It is one in which children are free and make to make choices and to explore for answers without feeling intimidated. (Cited, Danko-Mcghee, 2009) Within the Reggio Emilia settings children have lessons immaterial in the community, fashioning great use of the Piazzas, which are squares within the town, where children can learn alongside the community, as well as making the most out of the outdoors. This also has an impact on positive relationships between both the community and the children, which links to the enabling environment within the EYFS.Reggio Emilia buildings and spaces link to what the EYFS suggests practices should offer, stimulating recourses, relevant to all the childrens cultures and communities. Reggio Emilia settings, buildings and spaces hypothesize their relationships and view of the child. There are groups of long windows, this is so that the children can interact with the outside community, and also it reflects the idea that education is not unspoilt what you learn in the classroom. It is seen as less re severeing to have long windows, and lets a lot of light into the setting creating a more raw(a) airy environment.Within the setting there are a lot of natural materials used, from the childrens toys and equipment to the building and furniture inside. This is much like Steiners view, in his schools all toys are made from natural materials, this is because simple toys reorganise and encourage imagination, as children can interoperate natural materials to be an ything they want. Throughout this opinion I have been linking the key themes of the EYFS and relating them to the Reggio Emilia Approach, I am now going to discus whether or not the approach can be taken from Italy and brought to the UK.As I have mentioned above a massive aspect of the Reggio Emilia approach is the environment, I believe this may be a problem as many of our English calendar months can be wet, cold, and miserable. Children spend the majority of time indoors during the winter months, even sometimes on dry days largely due to protests from parents that the reveal weather is bad for the children. Though in Italy they do not have this problem, if it is wet or cold they just see this as an chance for children to wrap up warmer.I do believe it is counter-productive to wrap children up in cotton wall, I think that sometimes it is good for children to be taken out of their comfort zones. This will benefit a childs emotional development by trying and exploring new thing s and gaining self-confidence. mayhap we need to look at our cultures upbringing of our children and let children explore the different seasons. Even though the outdoors isnt a major part of the Reggio Emilia is it still highly valued, as they like to encourage a lot of natural materials and bring the outdoors in, whilst exploring the different environments.Also we deficiency in open out door spaces within the community for example in Italy they have plazas Bringing this approach to the UK may cause some trouble for children who do not have a secure home plate setting this is because going to school creates a secure environment. Whereas, with the Reggio Emilia approach, children may find their education too unstructured. Instead of choosing their learning methods, they might choose a setting with secure guidelines and learning outcomes. Furthermore I think the transition from the Reggio Emilia Approach to mainstream higher education may be difficultas the children, as they are so used to the freedom and the scaffolding of the teachers, that they might not be able to settle into the strict curriculum. I believe this quote sums up my opinion perfectly, It is a computer error to take any approach and assume like a gush you can take it from one soil and put it in another one. That never works. We have to figure out what aspects of that are most important to us and what kind of soil we need to make those aspects (Gardner, 1993)

Etymology Case Essay

The word horticulture is simulate after agriculture, and comes from the Latin hortus garden and cultra shade, from cultus, the everlasting(a) passive per centumiciple of the verb col I cultivate.Hortus is cognate with the indigene English word yard (in the meaning of land associated with a building) and alike the borrowed word garden.Understanding horticultureHorticulture is a term that evokes images of plants, gardening, and people working in the horticultural industries. For the public, and policy makers, the term is not completely understood nor is its r all(prenominal) on military man activities been fully appreciated. Horticulture encounters widely on human activities, often than than its popular taste as merely gardening would indicate. It trains to be recognized as a matrix of inter-relating atomic number 18as that everywherelap, with complex inter-relationships. A wider and more accurate explanation provide communicate gistively the importance of plants, th eir cultivation and their practice for sustainable human existence. The popular gardening activity virtuoso fails to convey the important role that horticulture plays in the lives of individuals, communities and human societies as a whole. Describing its impact on the physiological, psychological and social activities of people is key to expanding our understand however the cultivation of a garden, orchard, or nursery and the cultivation of flowers, fruits, vegetables, or ornamental plants as tumesce as the information and art of cultivating such(prenominal)(prenominal) plants will suffice to sketch the outline of a short description.expand the traditional understanding of horticulture beyond garden cultivation. Turkey (1962) gave an over beguile of those involved in the field of horticulture, in stating that there are those who are concerned with the science or biological side, those concerned with the business side and finally those who are concerned with the home or art si de, which enjoy plants simply for the gratification they get from them. Primarily it is an art, tho it is intimately connected with science at every point. Relf highlighted the fact that, in limiting the definition of horticulture severely limits an understanding of what horticulture means in terms of human well-being. Relf provided a comprehensive definition of horticulture as the art and science of plants resulting in the development of minds and emotions of individuals, the enrichment and health of communities, and the integrating of the garden in the breadth of modern civilization.In addition, Half acre and Barden (1979), Janick and Goldman (2003). besides extended the scope of horticulture when they agreed that the origins of horticulture are intimately associated with the history of kindness and that horticulture espousees all life and bridges the gap between science, art and human beings. This broader vision of horticulture embraces plants, including the multitude of pro ducts and activities (oxygen, food, medicine, clothing, shelter, celebration or remembrance) essential for human survival and people, whose active and passive involvement with the garden brings about benefits to them as individuals and to the communities and cultures they encompassGreenhouse effectA representation of the exchanges of energy between the kickoff (the Sun), the humankinds airfoil, the Earths atmosphere, and the ultimate sink outmost space. The superpower of the atmosphere to capture and recycle energy take a breatherted by the Earth rear is the defining characteristic of the babys room effect. The greenhouse effect is a process by which thermal radiation from a wandering(a) surface is absor have intercourse by atmospheric greenhouse gases, and is re-radiated in all directions. Since part of this re-radiation is back towards the surface and the lower atmosphere, it results in an elevation of the average surface temperature above what it would be in the absence of the gases.Solar radiation at the frequencies of visible light largely passes through the atmosphere to warm the planetary surface, which then emits this energy at the lower frequencies of infrared thermal radiation. unseeable radiation is absorbed by greenhouse gases, which in turn re-radiate much of the energy to the surface and lower atmosphere. The mechanism is named after the effect of solar radiation passing through glass and warming a greenhouse, but the way it retains waken is fundamentally different as a greenhouse works by reducing airflow, isolating the warm air internal the structure so that heat is not lost by convection.If an paragon thermally conductive blackbody was the same distance from the Sun as the Earth is, it would have a temperature of about 5.3 C. However, since the Earth reflects about 30% of the incoming sunlight, the planets effective temperature (the temperature of a blackbody that would emit the same amount of radiation) is about 18 C,78 about 33C below the actual surface temperature of about 14 C. The mechanism that produces this variation between the actual surface temperature and the effective temperature is due to the atmosphere and is cognise as the greenhouse effect. Earths natural greenhouse effect makes life as we know it possible. However, human activities, primarily the burning of fogy fuels and clearing of forests, have intensified the natural greenhouse effect, causing globular warming.MODERN ELECTRONICSHome applianceNumerous appliances are found in the kitchen. Home appliances are electrical/mechanical machines which accomplish some star sign functions, such as cooking or cleaning. Home appliances can be classified into* Major appliances, or White goods* Small appliances, or brown goods* Consumer electronics, or Shiny goodsThis division is also noticeable in the service of process area of these kinds of products. Brown goods commonly require high technical association and skills (which get more complex w ith time, such as going from a soldering iron to a hot-air soldering station), plot of ground white goods need more practical skills and brute force to manipulate the devices and heavy tools inevitable to repair them. electric bindingIn the US the electric mantlepiece is a blanket with an integrated electrical heating device commonly placed above the top bed sheet. In the UK and Commonwealth, electric blanket commonly interests to an electric mattress pad, which is placed below the bottom bed sheet. Electric blankets usually have a control unit which adjusts the amount of heat the blanket produces. Blankets for larger sized beds often have separate controls for each side of the bed. The electric blanket may be used to pre-heat the bed before use or to keep the occupant warm while in bed. Modern electric blankets have carbon fibre wires. These blankets usually work on 24 volts instead of the 110/240 volts. Therefore, they are denote as being a safer, more efficient and more w ell-fixed alternative.Zhangjiajie, China The Bailong Elevator is the worlds largest exterior elevator. At over 1,000 feet tall, this elevator looms high midway up a cliff commanding a valley far below. Moreover, the elevator is mostly glass, affording passengers a dizzying view to the depths below. There is some concern, however, about the elevators long-term impact on the surrounding natural environment.Yangtze, China The Three Gorges Dam has bony fire from people around the world for its role in tiptop water levels and displacing millions of Chinese residents in the area. As a work of design, however, it is unparalleled. It will be the largest hydroelectric dam in the world, 600 feet high and holding 1.4 trillion cubic feet of water behind 100 million cubic feet of concrete. This engineering wonder will also eventually provide as much as 10% of Chinas vast power needs.engineeringBy the mid 20th century, humans had achieved a mastery of applied science sufficient to leave th e atmosphere of the Earth for the first time and search space. Technology is the making, modification, usage, and knowledge of tools, machines, techniques, crafts, systems, methods of organization, in order to solve a problem, mend a preexisting solution to a problem, achieve a purpose or perform a specific function. It can also refer to the collection of such tools, machinery, modifications, arrangements and procedures. Technologies significantly affect human as well as other animal species ability to control and adapt to their natural environments.The word engineering comes from Greek (technologa) from (tchn), meaning art, skill, craft, and - meaning oeuvre of-.1 The term can either be applied generally or to specific areas examples include construction technology, medical technology, and information technology. The human species use of technology began with the conversion of natural resources into simple tools. The prehistorical discovery of the ability to control fire incr eased the available sources of food and the invention of the round helped humans in travelling in and controlling their environment. Recent scientific developments, including the printing press, the telephone, and the Internet, have lessened physical barriers to communication and allowed humans to act freely on a global scale. However, not all technology has been used for peaceful purposes the development of weapons of ever-increasing destructive power has progressed throughout history, from clubs to thermonuclear weapons.

Should Huck Finn Be Taught in Schools Essay

There is a great(p) deal of controversy over whether or not The Adventures of huckleberry Finn by lay out Twain should be taught in schools. It has been argued that mention Twain depicts Jim as hucks impotent and submissive sidekick. Another argument made is that Jim isnt portrayed as much of an actual human being nor is he treated wish well one throughout the novel. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn should be taught in schools so that students and teachers are able to think about and discuss their opinions on what tell Twains purpose was in depicting Jim the substance he does.Many critics claim that grudge Twain saw Jim as no more than some type of loyal sidekick who was depicted as a simple-minded character who showed few humanistic characteristics throughout the book. This is not the case, discern Twain had a purpose in creating a character standardized Jim, to reinforce yet challenge stereotypical racism back in that time period. Mark Twain did in fact make Jim a simpl e-minded character lacking intellectual abilities but he alike humanized Jim by fully grown him traits like feelings and also by giving him slimly of a enate role to Huck. Doan know, yit, what hes a-gywne to do (85). I went in en unkivered him and didnt let you come in? swell den, you kn git yo money when you wants it kase dat wuz him (320). These two quotes from the start and end of the novel show that Jim had no real intellectual addition throughout the novel. Mark Twain continues to have Jim speak in sad (poorer than the the other characters) English to reinforce the stereotypical racism of uneducated African Americans in the South.How perpetually, Mark Twain also gives Jim somewhat of a paternal role towards Huck which makes Jim out to be more humane. Come in Huck, but doan look at his face its to gashly. I didnt look at him at all. Jim throwed some old rags over him (50). This transportation from the book shows the paternal instinct Twain gave to Jims character in wh ich he undermines racist stereotypes like Tom Sawyers aunty Sally who claims that black slaves were not people (221). My heart wuz mos broke bekase you was los, en I didn kyer no mo what become er me en de raf..It was fifteen minutes before I could go and humble myself to a nigger, but I done it, and I warnt ever sorry for it, neither. I didnt do him no more retrieve tricks and I wouldnt done that one if Id a knget it would make him feel that way (86). In this passage Mark Twain allows Jim to voice his emotions and by doing so Jim is able to not whole make Huck listen but think about the way he treated Jim. Mark Twain not only breaks racist stereotypes through Jim in this passage but breaks them through Huck.Huck acknowledges that Jim is capable of having feelings and allows his own mood to be influenced by the fact that he hurt Jims feelings by doing so Huck has made himself equal to Jim thus giving another example of humanizing Jim. Said the witches bewitched him and put him i n a trance, and rode him all over the State, and then set him under the trees again and massive his hat on a limb to show who done it (6). Jims story about the witches shows his childlike, naive way of thinking highly-developed from a life in slavery in which he was sheltered from knowledge.Jims lack of gumption allows Twain to fortify the patronizing racist stereotypes that had developed in the South at this time. How Mark Twain depicts Jim in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn as well as Twains reasoning for doing so is a reason in and of itself why Huck Finn should be taught in schools. Huck Finn is more than just an adventure novel it is a book that encourages and requires students as well as teachers to think about the deeper meanings, such as Mark Twains purpose in creating a character like Jim.

Singapore Company Law

SAMPLE ONLY MID-SEMESTER test COURSELAW2464 guild LAW DATE17/03/2012 TIME ALLOWED1 hour 40 minutes (including 10mins variant time) mind (Prospectus Topic) In July 2011, Ah Beng was at his accountants office to talk ab turn out taxation matters. Whilst thither, his accountant gave him a course catalogue issued by Ionic Ltd. , a political party listed on the capital of capital of Singapore stock(a) Ex swop, to acquire home to read and if interested, to follow the instruction manual about expend in untested sh bes in the partnership which were to be quoted on the Exchange.After reading the prospectus, Ah Beng was convinced that he was going to chafe a lot of funds investing in the attach to which had stated that it had discover a huge gold deposit in occidental Australia. The prospectus contained a deal by a geologist which stated that the gold was serious the surface and therefore, considerably mined. The prospectus also contained estimations of the amount of pro fits which it could make based on the current high price of gold. ( simulated and/or lead astray Statements) Criminal Lability low S253(Jail and/or fine company is reasonable if it is an entity. Directions ar probable.Statements are materially adverse from viewpoint of investors including Ah Beng. Who else is liable? The Accountant? no(prenominal)advice or off or misleaeding disceptation. Did he act in decenniumtionally or recklessly? no(prenominal) No Lability. Could Geologist be liable? Yes, as his a conman. Actions were intentional. S254 Civil Lability Directors liable any defences under s255 SFA? Any defences under s255 SFA? sensible reliance on geologist, disciplines is reliance here reasonable. He is a conman. not reasonable. Inquries Defence, May fail. Geologist liable to compensate no defence. Accountant assuming he made statements.Yes, if not. No. Ah beng will cope with compensation for his press release. ALTERNATIVE Misrepresentaton. False Statement make during negotiation that induces one into adjure Geologist is dishonest and dishonorable misrepresentation. Recession of tweet of sale of takes and damages for the tort of deceit. After declareing for the shares, Ah Beng was issued 50,000 shares at the price of $1. 00 per share in September 2011. In January 2012, the local theme published an clause about the arrest of a geologist in Western Australia who was claiming disco truly of mines which glowering out to be non-existent.A week ulterior, news bust out that the arrested conman was the geologist whose report was contained in the Ionic Ltds prospectus and there was actually a very small deposit of gold very deep in the ground which would make any mining a loss-making venture. The price of the shares in Ionic Ltd right away plunged and trading in the shares had to be halted. Ah Beng has now go up to you for advise as he has been informed that Ioninc Ltd shares are now despicable and that the company will soon be wound-up. unden iableCan Ah Beng take action against any one or more than persons with regard to his loss? Explain. (8 marks) hesitation TWO Dinosaur Rocks Pte Ltd (Dinosaur Rocks) is a family company whose two shareholders and directors are Fred and his wife, Betty. They feel in a house in Pasir Panjang possessed by the company. The company owns a business of supplying rocks and sand to reflexion companies. In heroic 2011, Fred borrowed $1 million from U-O-Me patois. The add was secured by a mortgage commission over the Pasir Panjang property owned by Dinosaur Rocks.The loan was to be employ by Fred for personal expenses. According to the expressions of association, the mortgage/ knock document was to be executed by way of affixing the common shut in the front man of two directors as witnesses. Fred signed the document as witness and he also forged Bettys signature. By early January 2012, Fred had defaulted on his cobblers last two loan repayments. It has since emerged that Fred had skipped the country with the $1 million in October 2011 and is now purportedly living the high support in the Maldives.U-O-Me Bank has started proceedings to enforce the mortgage/charge against the Pasir Panjang property owned by Dinosaur Rocks. Betty comes to you for advice. She is more distressed about losing the Pasir Panjang property than losing Fred and does not want to forgo the house which she will have to when the Bank sells the property. ask instruct Betty as to whether the mortgage/charge is legal and enforceable against the company. (8 marks) QUESTION THREE (Separating of legal entity concept, Lifting of corporate veil and evasion of legal obligations, show window GM v Horne, Jones V Lipman fraud.Re Darby. Solution is to lift the veil and meditate genus A paste and Grecian as one. Each is liable for the acts of debts of the other. Athena is a hair-dresser. Two months ago, she concord to sell all the hair-dressing machines and supplies in her salon in Bukit T imah to Hera as she was sorrowful to a new business view in plantation Road. The obtain price was to be paid three months later whereupon Athena would feature all the goods to Hera. Athena was intending to buy new machines and supplies for her new salon only when a month ago, her application to obtain a bank loan was not approved.Needing equipment and supplies at the Orchard Road location, Athena registered a company called Grecian Pte Ltd (Grecian) with herself as the sole director and fragment last week. She immediately moved all the machines and supplies from her Bukit Timah salon to the new Orchard Road location of Grecian. Athena then told Hera the deal was off as she no colossalitudinal owned the machines and supplies. Hera wants the machines and supplies as agreed under the deoxidize as the machines are identical to the ones in her own salon. REQUIRED Advise Hera. (6 marks) QUESTION FOURWhen interconnected in January 2010, the memorandum and articles of association of Coffee surcharge Pte Ltd (Coffee nut case) contained the following clauses- 1. The objects of the company is the import and supply coffee beans to retail outletsin Singapore 2. 3. Gloria is to be use as the sales passenger vehicle of the company for a period of cinque years at an annual salary of $100,000. In January 2012, Coffee Addict entered into a joint-venture agreement with Jean Ltd to build a row of ten shops in Clementi Road. Both parties are to inject $2 million for each one into the project.Also in January 2012, the bill of Directors of Coffee Addict pertinacious to terminate Glorias appointment as the sales manager. REQUIRED a) Is the contract with Jeans Ltd a valid contract since it is contravenes the objects clause. Explain. (4 marks) b) Can Gloria prevent her removal as sales manager? Would it make any difference if she is also a shareholder? Explain. (4 marks) rack up 4 + 4 = 8 marks QUESTION FIVE Potterfied Ltd ( Potterfied) has its own set of articles w hich entitles preference shareholders to an annual dividend of ten cents per share.The Board of Directors of Potterfield wanted the articles revise so that the dividends are to be reduced to four cents per share and last week, persuaded more than half of the members to pass a blockage at a members coming together to the effect. The members were also told that there was nothing they could do as long as the majority of all shareholders agreed to the change. Harriet is a preference-shareholder who voted against the amendment to the articles at the members meeting last week. REQUIRED Advise Harriet. Assupmtion that this variation of enlighten rights affects all preferences shareholders rights to receive dividentds of 10cent per share, S74(1) applies. If 5% or more of shareholders dissent then can apply to court to stay the resolution to change the article until and unless the court confirms it, the change is ineffective. ) (6 marks) QUESTION SIX REQUIRED Discuss the rigourousness of the following statement The Privy Council in the case of Lee v Lees Air Farming Ltd did not apply the normal set out in Salomon v Salomon & Co Ltd. (4 marks) *Separating entity was appliedSingapore Company LawSAMPLE ONLY MID-SEMESTER TEST COURSELAW2464 COMPANY LAW DATE17/03/2012 TIME ALLOWED1 hour 40 minutes (including 10mins reading time) QUESTION (Prospectus Topic) In July 2011, Ah Beng was at his accountants office to talk about taxation matters. Whilst there, his accountant gave him a prospectus issued by Ionic Ltd. , a company listed on the Singapore Stock Exchange, to take home to read and if interested, to follow the instructions about investing in new shares in the company which were to be quoted on the Exchange.After reading the prospectus, Ah Beng was convinced that he was going to make a lot of money investing in the company which had stated that it had discovered a huge gold deposit in Western Australia. The prospectus contained a report by a geologist which stated that the gold was near the surface and therefore, easily mined. The prospectus also contained estimations of the amount of profits which it could make based on the current high price of gold. (False and/or Misleading Statements) Criminal Lability Under S253(Jail and/or fine company is liable if it is an entity. Directions are liable.Statements are materially adverse from viewpoint of investors including Ah Beng. Who else is liable? The Accountant? No advice or false or misleaeding statement. Did he act intentionally or recklessly? No. No Lability. Could Geologist be liable? Yes, as his a conman. Actions were intentional. S254 Civil Lability Directors liable any defences under s255 SFA? Any defences under s255 SFA? Reasonable reliance on geologist, reports is reliance here reasonable. He is a conman. Not reasonable. Inquries Defence, May fail. Geologist liable to compensate no defence. Accountant assuming he made statements.Yes, if not. No. Ah beng will receive compensation for his loss. ALTERNATIVE Misrepresentaton. False Statement Made during negotiation that induces one into contract Geologist is dishonest and fraudulent misrepresentation. Recession of contract of sale of shares and damages for the tort of deceit. After applying for the shares, Ah Beng was issued 50,000 shares at the price of $1. 00 per share in September 2011. In January 2012, the local newspaper published an article about the arrest of a geologist in Western Australia who was claiming discovery of mines which turned out to be non-existent.A week later, news broke out that the arrested conman was the geologist whose report was contained in the Ionic Ltds prospectus and there was actually a very small deposit of gold very deep in the ground which would make any mining a loss-making venture. The price of the shares in Ionic Ltd immediately plunged and trading in the shares had to be halted. Ah Beng has now come to you for advise as he has been informed that Ioninc Ltd shares are now worthles s and that the company will soon be wound-up. REQUIREDCan Ah Beng take action against any one or more persons with regard to his loss? Explain. (8 marks) QUESTION TWO Dinosaur Rocks Pte Ltd (Dinosaur Rocks) is a family company whose two shareholders and directors are Fred and his wife, Betty. They live in a house in Pasir Panjang owned by the company. The company owns a business of supplying rocks and sand to construction companies. In August 2011, Fred borrowed $1 million from U-O-Me Bank. The loan was secured by a mortgage charge over the Pasir Panjang property owned by Dinosaur Rocks.The loan was to be used by Fred for personal expenses. According to the articles of association, the mortgage/charge document was to be executed by way of affixing the common seal in the presence of two directors as witnesses. Fred signed the document as witness but he also forged Bettys signature. By early January 2012, Fred had defaulted on his last two loan repayments. It has since emerged that Fr ed had skipped the country with the $1 million in October 2011 and is now purportedly living the high life in the Maldives.U-O-Me Bank has started proceedings to enforce the mortgage/charge against the Pasir Panjang property owned by Dinosaur Rocks. Betty comes to you for advice. She is more distressed about losing the Pasir Panjang property than losing Fred and does not want to vacate the house which she will have to when the Bank sells the property. REQUIRED Advise Betty as to whether the mortgage/charge is valid and enforceable against the company. (8 marks) QUESTION THREE (Separating of legal entity concept, Lifting of corporate veil and evasion of legal obligations, case GM v Horne, Jones V Lipman fraud.Re Darby. Solution is to lift the veil and consider Athena and Grecian as one. Each is liable for the acts of debts of the other. Athena is a hair-dresser. Two months ago, she agreed to sell all the hair-dressing machines and supplies in her salon in Bukit Timah to Hera as she w as moving to a new business location in Orchard Road. The purchase price was to be paid three months later whereupon Athena would deliver all the goods to Hera. Athena was intending to buy new machines and supplies for her new salon but a month ago, her application to obtain a bank loan was not approved.Needing equipment and supplies at the Orchard Road location, Athena registered a company called Grecian Pte Ltd (Grecian) with herself as the sole director and member last week. She immediately moved all the machines and supplies from her Bukit Timah salon to the new Orchard Road location of Grecian. Athena then told Hera the deal was off as she no longer owned the machines and supplies. Hera wants the machines and supplies as agreed under the contract as the machines are identical to the ones in her own salon. REQUIRED Advise Hera. (6 marks) QUESTION FOURWhen incorporated in January 2010, the memorandum and articles of association of Coffee Addict Pte Ltd (Coffee Addict) contained t he following clauses- 1. The objects of the company is the import and supply coffee beans to retail outletsin Singapore 2. 3. Gloria is to be employed as the sales manager of the company for a period of five years at an annual salary of $100,000. In January 2012, Coffee Addict entered into a joint-venture agreement with Jean Ltd to build a row of ten shops in Clementi Road. Both parties are to inject $2 million each into the project.Also in January 2012, the Board of Directors of Coffee Addict resolved to terminate Glorias appointment as the sales manager. REQUIRED a) Is the contract with Jeans Ltd a valid contract since it is contravenes the objects clause. Explain. (4 marks) b) Can Gloria prevent her removal as sales manager? Would it make any difference if she is also a shareholder? Explain. (4 marks) Total 4 + 4 = 8 marks QUESTION FIVE Potterfied Ltd ( Potterfied) has its own set of articles which entitles preference shareholders to an annual dividend of ten cents per share.The Board of Directors of Potterfield wanted the articles amended so that the dividends are to be reduced to four cents per share and last week, persuaded more than half of the members to pass a resolution at a members meeting to the effect. The members were also told that there was nothing they could do as long as the majority of all shareholders agreed to the change. Harriet is a preference-shareholder who voted against the amendment to the articles at the members meeting last week. REQUIRED Advise Harriet. Assupmtion that this variation of class rights affects all preferences shareholders rights to receive dividentds of 10cent per share, S74(1) applies. If 5% or more of shareholders dissent then can apply to court to stay the resolution to change the article until and unless the court confirms it, the change is ineffective. ) (6 marks) QUESTION SIX REQUIRED Discuss the validity of the following statement The Privy Council in the case of Lee v Lees Air Farming Ltd did not apply the p rinciple set out in Salomon v Salomon & Co Ltd. (4 marks) *Separating entity was applied

Italian and German Opera Essay

he Italian opera and the German opera are deuce contrastive fields that twain(prenominal) share characteristics, some of which are par any(prenominal)eled, and some of which contrast. Specific each(prenominal)y, Gi subprogramppe Verdi and Richard Wagner use motifs such(prenominal) as redemption through get along, nationalism, and devote which run passim both of their operas. The stem turn of betrayal also considerms to be echoed passim both operas yet they are each used to project a contrasting response. The signifi raftce of this comparison demonstrates that Verdi and Wagner may allude to the same references, such as Victor Hugo, Shakespeare, and Byron, plainly the operas The travel Dutchman (German opera) and that of Nabucco (Italian opera) are accomplishly distinct in context, and medicational comedy air perhaps even The Flying Dutchman is a musical imitation of Italian opera while still trying to bulge his own musical ideas as considerably.The Italian opera has three main genres the Baroque, the Romantic, and the Modern. Italian opera initial started to materialize in the ordinal century, and around ii hundred years later, the Romantic genre was introduced. Throughout the ordinal century in that respect were many developments in Italian opera collect to Claudio Monteverdi (1567-1643), who wrote his first opera in 1607 (La Favola dOrfeo) which to this day, is still performed. He introduced ideas such as the bel canto and buffa styles. Having a strong connection mingled with the subservient music and words was of major importance to Monteverdi, and this became a major theme for other opera composers to follow.The Romantic operas started to appear in the early nineteenth century. Romantic operas stress the world of imagination and emotions and through its music and arias was this theme magnified. Giuseppe Verdi (1813-1901) was star the composers of this era who changed the counseling composers would forever more than find ou t at operatic writing. His first successful opera Nabucco was immediately well received by the public for its amazing refraines, and vigorous music. One of the chorus interpretations Nabucodonosor, or in English, Nebuchadnezzar. This opera has quadruple acts, and to the libretto by Temistocle Solera based on the biblical story of Nebuchadnezzar. In part star the Priest Zaccaria tells the Jews that at that place still may be peace due to the presence of a hostage, Fenena,(the younger young woman of Nabucco). Zaccaria gives Fenena to Ismaele,(the nephew of the King of Jerusalem). Ismaele tells her to escape even though they have sex one another. The King (Nabucco) enters and Zaccaria disobeys him, and threatens to kill Fenena with a dagger. Ismaele intervenes to save her. Nabucco responds by enjoin the destruction of the temple, and the Jews curse Ismaele as a traitor.In part two Nabucco is a room at war and has appointed Fenena as ruler. Abigaille (Fenenas old sister) has dis covered a schedule that proves she is not actually Nabuccos satisfying daughter, but in fact, a slave. The Priest of Baal tries to put Abigaille on the can buoy by spreading a rumour that Nabucco died in battle. Then Fenena is converted to the Jewish religion. Suddenly Nabucco himself enters which is unexpected because e rattlingone thinks he is dead. He so declares himself God. Zaccaria objects, so then Nabucco orders that the Jews be put to death. Fenena says that she pull up stakes die as one of them. When Nabucco says he is god again he is hit by a thunderbolt and goes insane. The crown locomote and is picked up by Abigaille.The Priest presents Abigaille the Jews and Fenenas death sentence. Nabucco walks in looking like a mad man, and claims his throne. Abigaille persuades him to channelise out the sentence, but in the determination he asks that his daughter, Fenena be spared. Here, Nabucco tells Abigaille that she is not his actual daughter but really a slave. Abigaille then destroys the document with the evidence of her being a slave. He is straightway a prisoner, and pleads for Fenenas life. Then we hear the famous chorus Va persiero, chanted by the Jews as they long for their Homeland.In the final act Nabuccos health and mind are fully recovered. He sees Fenena in chains being taken to her death. He then asks God for forgiveness and promises to rebuild the temple in Jerusalem, and to follow the true faith. He and his loyal soldiers decide to punish the traitors and deli rattling Fenena. The Jews and Fenena are prepared for death on the sacrificial altar of Baal. Nabucco rushes in with his sword and the Idol of Baal shatters into pieces. Nabucco tells the Jews they are free. Abigaille enters. She poisoned herself. She asks for forgiveness of Fenena, says shes sorry and dies. Zaccaria (the priest) hails Nabucco as the servant of God and the King ofKings. After Nabucco, Verdi based his operas on more standard romantic sources by Victor Hugo, S hakespeare, and superior Byron.Orchestrally, it is scored for strings, timpani, bass drum, cymbals, two flutes, one piccolo, two oboes, one English horn, two clarinets, two bassoons, quaternary French horns, two trumpets, three trombones, two harps, and one cimbasso. Musically, this opera is very directly vigorous. It sticks to the widely used concepts of arias, duets, finales, and choruses. His fine music often forgive the glaring faults in character and plot lines.Contextually, there are themes of love, betrayal, and patriotism represented. We see love through Kind Nabuccos love for his daughter Fenena, and his constant want to help and protect her. It is almost through this love that he is redeemed, and made whole again. We also see the love between Ismaele and Fenena as pure and genuine. Although this opera is not directly patriotic to Italy itself, it shows a certain sympathy and connection with the people of Jerusalem and their hard ships. Abigaille betrays her family and h er people. The betrayal of finis loved ones seems to be a popular theme for many Italian and German operas.The German opera can be seen in four main genres the Baroque, the Classical, the Romantic, and the Modern. German opera first started to materialize in the 17th century approximately three decades after the Italians had started composing operas. German composers forever tried to challenge the Italian dominance for the most part of the seventeenth and eighteenth century, but none were successful until Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart established the tradition of atrocious German opera in 1781 with the release of Idomeneo. Mozart took the genre of Singspiel and evolved it into something far more sophisticated.The Classical era emerged in the late 18th century, and at this time, a lot of German composers were still avoiding writing in their own language. This was because the courts of German states favoured Italian operas. In 1730, the Italian librettist and chief of opera seria, Metas tasio, took up collection plate as the imperial poet in Vienna. opera house in German was coerce to lookto the general public to survive because it had no aristocratic funding. This meant theatrical companies had to tour from town to town. The Singspiel became the most popular form of German opera, curiously by the composer Johann Adam Hiller. The Singspiels were comedies intertwining spoken language with singing. They often had very simple music Singspiele were no match for the opera serias in aesthetic eloquence and sophistication. Yet at the end of the 18th century Mozart changed all this, as mentioned before.Richard Wagner is one of the most controversial composers throughout history. He changed the way everyone looked at opera not only in Germany and Austria, but all throughout Europe. Wagner gradually evolved a new concept of opera Gesamtkunstwerk (meaning complete work of art), binding music, poetry and painting all together. Wagner believed his passage truly began with The Flying Dutchman (Der fliegende Hollander) (1843). Together with the two works which followed, Tannhauser and Lohengrin, this has been described as the zenith of German Romantic opera (Parker 220).The Flying Dutchman was preformed in Dresden at the Semper Oper in 1843. Both the music and libretto is by Wagner himself. This opera has three acts and is based on the legend of the Flying Dutchman who is captain of a ship condemned to sail until belief Day. In the first act captain Daland is on his journey home when he is forced to take refuge due to the stormy weather. He leaves the helmsman on watch and he and the sailors stop working. The helmsman falls asleep. A ghostly vessel appears and invisible hands furl the sails. A man dressed in black steps ashore. Having broken his promise, he is cursed to roam the sea forever without rest. An angel says that at the end of every seven years he ordain be cast out upon the shore and if he can find a wife who will be true to him he will be redeemed. Daland meets him. The ghost offers him treasure, and when he hears that Daland has an unmarried daughter, he asks for her as his wife. Tempted by gold Daland consents, and both vessels delimit sail.In the second act Senta dreamily gazes upon the picture of the Flying Dutchman, whom she desires to save. Against the will of her nurse she sings the story of the Dutchman, and she says she will save him. Erik (who lovesher) arrives and hears her and warns her, telling her of his dream, where Daland returned with a inscrutable stranger, who takes her off to sea. Daland finally arrives with the stranger, and he and Senta stand gazing at each other. Senta then swears to be truthful till death.In the last act the clustering of Daland invites the men on the strange vessel to join in the festivities. The girls fuck in wonder, and Dalands men retreat in fear. Senta arrives, followed by Erik, who scolds her for her desertion, as she had loved him before and had vowed her faithfu lness to him. When the stranger hears these words, he is overwhelmed with sadness, as now he is forever lost. He tells Senta of the curse and to the dismay of Daland and his crew declares that he is the Flying Dutchman. As he begins to leave shore Senta plunges into the sea, proving her loyalty unto death. This is his salvation. The ship then disappears and Senta and the Dutchman are seen going up into heaven. One can declare oneself that these ideas of live and redemption, betrayal, and sacrifice can be alluded to the works of Victor Hugo, Shakespeare, and Lord Byron specifically, Ernani (1844), Macbeth (1847), and Il Duo Foscari (1844) respectively.Orchestrally, it is scored forContextually, there are themes of redemption through love, betrayal, and sacrifice represented. in that respect is not an overwhelming presence of family love between Senta and her father. However, we see the undying love Erik has for Senta, and the intense love Senta has for the Flying Dutchman. This lov e is what lastly redeems the Flying Dutchman, and only because of this is he free. Senta ends up betraying Erik and his love for her, as she had antecedently already confirmed her faithfulness to him. Daland sacrifices his daughter, although he gets treasure in return, but we see how Erik has the sacrifice of letting Senta go to the Dutchman willingly.Musically, The Flying Dutchman is very different than the opera Nabucco. Wagner did not entirely abandon the conventional forms of the Italian singing-opera. For there are solos, duets, choruses, etc. just as in other operas of the time. However, he made the characters move, act, and sing in a way that suited the situation, correspond to the laws of ordinarycommon-sense. Not yet was he entirely possessed by the leitmotiv system which later became the characteristic feature of his works, although the characteristics of the system are certainly embedded in the score. A leitmotiv is a short-circuit theme or passage in a composition, re peated throughout the work and associated with a certain person, situation, or idea. (Oxford Dictionary 660). In The Flying Dutchman Wagner is only evolving his way towards this essential and most principle aspect of his music. and so the work is based half on old style, half new, boilersuit with the balance in favour of the old.In the Overture one can only briefly note the general musical characteristics of the opera itself. There are some conventionalities in it but the score contains many passages of hit and of vital dramatic force. The music of the First Act could not be more charmingly sea-like. No one can fail to be struck with the ghostly music which accompanies the various entries of the demon ship.The Spinning Song, one of the most popular tunes, is a lyric composition. Its dozy hum is on the dot what is required to put the listener in the mood for sympathizing with Senta and her dreams. The Sailors Choruses are all bright and tuneful. Sentas ballad in the second act is write in plain song form, yet is immensely dramatic in its expression. As mentioned before, The Flying Dutchman contains only small traces of the leitmotiv system.With this evidence provided it is preferably clear that both Verdi and Wagner have produced two very different operas both getting inspiration from major traumatic events in history-whether it is fact or legend. Recurring themes seem to be echoed in both operas such as redemption through love, betrayal, and sacrifice. Wagner demonstrates how he is moving into his own musical style through The Flying Dutchman however originally using the more traditional forms that Verdi implements in Nabucco suggesting that perhaps The Flying Dutchman in a way is a musical imitation of Italian opera whilst in the same way trying to develop German opera as its own commutative genre which is what German composers were trying to do throughout the entire seventeenth and eighteenth century.Works Cited1. Balthazar, Scott Leslie. Evolving conv entions in Italian serious opera moving-picture show structure in the works of Rossini, Bellini, Donizetti and Verdi. University of Pennsylvania, 1985.2. Gentry, Theodore L. Emblems of love and death in Italian realist opera. 1992.4. Doerner, Mark Frederick. The influence of the Kunstmrchen on German romantic opera. 1990.5. Smart, Mary Ann. Mimomania music and gesture in nineteenth-century opera. Berkeley University of California Press, 2004.6.Brauner, Charles Samuel. Vincenzo Bellini and the aesthetics of opera seria in the first third ofthe nineteenth century. Doctor of Philosophy diss, Music History Yale U., 1972.7.Swales, Martin. Schiller, Verdi, Wagner Opera and the tragic mode in the nineteenth century In Vermittlungen German studies at the turn of the centuryFestschrift for Nigel B.R. Reeves Munchen Iudicium, 1999.8.Hall, Frederick Albert Chapple, Gerald Schulte, Hans. The Romantic tradition German literature and music in the nineteenth century Series McMaster colloquium on German studies no 4. 1992.9.Koury, Daniel. The orchestra in the nineteenth century physical aspects of its performance physical exertion PhD diss., Musicology Boston U., 1981.

How Does the Benedictine Value of Community Relate?

Eitzen How does the Benedictine value of Community have-to doe with to individual isolation? And/or how does the Benedictine value of Respect for Persons match to want and inequality? According to the Benedictine Rule 4-Respect for Persons you are to watch every nonpareil and never do to another you do not want do to yourself. Recognizing the image of God in distributively person and honoring each one in their giftedness and limitations.If, in fact, we are practicing excessive individualism so this is directly related to poverty and inequality today. Poverty in the fall in States officially refers to people who fall below the official poverty line. In general, however, poverty is a complex subject that depends not only on official definitions but on the perspectives of people as well. For example, if we were to look at the actual numbers of misfortunate people, we may find that whites have a lower proportion of people in poverty than other racial groups.But if we looked at poverty solely by age we would find that children at a lower place the age of 18 are the most likely to be poor and that many of the elderly live only slightly above the poverty line. By practicing excessive individualism we are promoting inequality. We are keeping one group of people at a particular level by having those who have the most power and money make the rules for those in a less favorable position. Individualism in addition keeps us from feeling get to others and when we feel no obligation we are less likely to second someone in need.In addition when we feel no obligation we also feel no sense of community and this will eventually conk to isolation. We need to realize that we cannot survive on our own, we need others in tack together to survive and thrive. If we were to follow the Benedicitine rule of Respect for Persons at that place would be no poverty because you would not want to be in poverty yourself and there would be no inequality, as you would not want to be unequal.

Smoking Habits

Substance revilement Paper HCA 250 September 30, 2012 Substance Abuse Paper I topic I have chosen to talk about is about the dangers of weed tobacco at young age into adulthood. fume Tobacco is the leading political campaign of premature death in boobrs and it has been joined to death of non- bumrs which is known as second-hand smoke. Just like Alcohol and do drugs abuse, smoking tobacco is used for many reasons for example simply cosmos cool, to fit in, peer pressure, and my parents do it. Now lets dissertate the reason why smoking tobacco is dangerous to the smokers and non-smokers.The reason for smoking is psychological, because the way smoking is glamorized in the movies and withal in advertisements. This is not the documentary reason one chooses to smoke the addiction is due to the nicotine which makes it hard to retract once one has started. One can overcome his or her addiction, when the psychological reasons for smoking are eliminated. The reasons people chose to start smoking tobacco was to attest he or she is not timid or afraid, because his or her friends do it, to look cool, to act grown-up, sign of rebellion, parents are smokers, role models smoke, because of advertisement, for weight loss, and to sign anxiety.The effects of smoking in the workplace can lead to extra smoke breaks, absenteeism, involuntary smoking, second-hand smoke, higher insurance premiums, increased chances of lung cancer in non-smokers and smokers, heart disease in non-smokers and smokers, effects the fetus of a large(predicate) worker, and irritation of eyes, headaches, nasal discomfort, cough, sore throat, or sneezing. To help employees control his or her smoking habit should begin with restricting smoking in the workplace.By doing this it helps stir a wellnessy program in the workplace. Considering that exposure to tobacco smoke is a health hazard that many face on a daily basis. Therefore some would agree that this exposure should be addressed, accordingly making it a workplace health program for all non-smoker and smokers. In order to help employees control his or her smoking habits is to introduce a smoking policy. When this policy is introduced it should be enforced at all measure by smokers and backed by all employers and employees.A company can overly help those who want to stop smoking by offering fittingness and nutritional counseling, exercise classes, and organized sports activities. The relationship between mental health and tobacco can be good and bad. People with Schizophrenia and bipolar Disorder receive a calming effect from the nicotine. Although nicotine provides a calming sensation short term, in the long term it can cause mental illness and other health issues.Some people begin to smoke because of depression, although once he or she try to quit they are probably to set about an episode of major depression. One can also experience insomnia, irritability, frustration, anger, anxiety, difficulty concentrating, de creased heart rate, increased appetite, and weight gain. In culture smoking tobacco can cause serious damage to every(prenominal) organ in ones body. It is very harmful to the lungs and the cardiovascular system, this becoming the leading cause of premature death in smokers.It also causes other diseases such as heart disease, lung cancer, emphysema, peptic ulcer disease, and a stroke. References Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (1991, June). Retrieved from http//www. cdc. gov Environment Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Workplace Policy. (2011, evidence 1). Retrieved from http//www. ccohs. ca Mental Health Realities. (2011, July 18). Retrieved from http//mentalhealthrealities. blogspot. com Sarafino, E. (2011). Health psychology Biopsychosocial interactions (7th ed. ). Hoboken, NJ illusion Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Leadership Characteristics

loss attractionship Characteristics Executive summary Since early pedigree of the last century, the lead has emerged as an significant issue in the ancestry regard of the dramatic transformation in the domain of a function economy. Thus far-off, the avocation report represents an attempt to shed the lighten on the attracters issue. In browse to provide a hint of the leading meaning, the report volition demonstrate brief idea roughly some of the attractionship theories which see the draws skills form diverse view.The report then will make out certain(prenominal) characteristics that should be deliver the goods in the personality of the loss drawing card which fancy his successful. The essential of the contemporary lead skills has appeargond at the latter p invention of ordinal century, regard of the globalisation phenomenon as well the fast phylogenesis in technology which resulted in the increase of the competition. As the k this instantledge does not s top, draws require dressing and growth, thus, the report will besides check out the functioning of leading emergence. 1Chapter One Introduction Throughout the last century and in so far the twenty-first century, the mankind has underg unrivaled dramatic transformation in the whole domains, and the individuals necessitate and requirements signifi whoremastertly expended, however, many concourse managed to maintain success in fully their life and obtained the real(a)ize of this variegate, while differents could not love with this adjustment, which resulted with dissatisfaction and pessimistic view of the life.Signifi go offt totality of researches and investigations imbibe been done in piece to identify much(prenominal) a configuration or a process that can raise the action of homokind beings, thus the concept of leading appe bed as a critical required for any entity, including an individuals, family, governings or dismantle countries. In the early part of twentieth century, Freud (1927) in his famous book theCivilisation and It Discontents, he approached the leading issue when he said that groups of individuals want leaders to provide them with an identity and sense of goal (Higgs, 2003) With the rapid transformation in the world, the competition has be go down more aggrieve, and governments urged to carry it away with this rapid revision and the continue nurture has break an imperative take away for the come with prosper and survive. Hence, leadership issue was put under the gl ar as an significant process for the confederation sustainability.Although in that respect have been important efforts devoted to investigate the leading issue including theories, definitions and identification for its characteristics, till now there is no complete agreement about the notion of leadership, since these different suggestions and concepts approached the leadership from different perspectives. The following report embodies an attempt to shed the light on the leadership issues, throughout quick review of the leadership theories, and hear the leadership characterises in some(prenominal) the 20th and the 21st century, before die the reflection of the personal-experience on the leadership characteristics Chapter Two Leadership Theories due(p) to the grandeur of the leadership issue, many theories have been emerged throughout the time, each theory tackles with the leadership from different perspectives and aspects, and one can not determine whether this theory powerful and differents ar wrong however the main theories of the leadership argon character Theory this theory defines specific characteristics which are existed in the successful leadership such as attitudes, personality, intelligence and decisiveness, regardless of any divvy upation of another(prenominal) assisted factors such as team work and the internal and outside(a) work environment.However, there are ii criticisms for this theor y. The first, it doesnt specify what the to the toweringest degree important leadership characteristics are, and the second, it ignores the parcel of the others. (Dessler, 1976) Behavioural Theory it approaches the leadership from other(prenominal) perspectives, it dissects the graspment of leaders and the outcomes of their contributions within the brass sections. The remark commensurate differences mingled with the trait and behavioural theory are that the last one emphasises on oth the accomplishment of the chore as the main indications for the leader success, and employees satisfaction, Situational leadership According to this theory, the military strength of the leader is significantly correlated with situational factors which restrict the performance of the leader positively or negatively. In other words, the efficiency of leaders skills or traits are determined by the situation in which leaders exercise leadership (Dessler,1976), These factors are -Followers contribut ions. The availability and the utilization of the imaginations. However, creating the harmonisation and the collaboration between the situational factors and the leader are essential to determine leaders lastingness. disaster Theories basically, the assumption of this theory, that the behaviour of the leader can not be standardised, instead, the leader should consider situational factors. The success of the leader in this theory is measured by the ability of leader to adopt such a style to achieve certain task with a consideration to the confederates.This theory was the beginning of peeled view of leadership based on this assumption other hap theories were emerged such as, Fiedlers concept of situational favourability (1967), which defined position power, task twist and leader-member relation, as the main factors that determine the effectiveness of the leaders style. Path-goal is another theory (Ho workout and Mitchell 1974) which assumes that the leader has a significant cont ribution on the follower to enable them to achieve their objectives. Horner, 1997) Transactional theories it assumes that since the task and responsibilities have been identified, the leader has a full right to do whatever it requires to achieve this task. This theory depends on appraise and abide bys as motivation system for chase, meanwhile, punishment is used to ensure the complaisance by the roles and the request of the task. However, this theory is criticised as it assumes the behaviour of a human being is predictable without any consideration of the reflection of the environment. Transformational theories this theory depends on the ontogeny of the vision and convinces the follower, in other words, the leader adopts the visions and does whatever it requires to get on followers. In this case the leader will become an inspiration for followers and they hit their human relationship with them depending on trust. As it is clearly perceived, those theories tackle with the le adership from different perspectives. Since there is no enough room, the report will investigate the transformational theory. Transformational Theory This theory was generated under assumption of people follow a person who has vision and passion.He or she will inspire them to achieve the goal. Transformational leadership is the modern view of leadership that seems to match with the style of seam leader in 21st century since the crease competition turbulence, unforeseen contingencies, and rapid deviate in technologies create such a momentous stress. down the stairs this stress, the need for transformational leaders who are proactive is emerged as an important requisite to help follower to cope with the dramatic change. (Bass, 1997) The characteristic of transformational leaders is in the main embodied by their charisma they inspire followers by their knowledgeableness and ability to create change.However, the success of charismatic leader is through a belief in themselves rathe r than others, while transformational leaders concern with other around them such as colleagues and employees. They are not narcissistic as charismatic. This style of leader will create an important transformation to both organisation and employees. Moreover, it may bear upon the outline and the structure of the organisation. The power of transformational leader is not derived by the reward system or rules and regulation, yet it is obtained from an nonphysical value such as their visions and the relationship among others. Draft, 2002) According to Tichy and Devanna (Lussier, 1996), there are three main activities for transformational leadership. Recognition for the need of revitalisation leaders should apprehend the urgent need of the organisation for transformation, in order to create such a sustainable resource of warlike advantage to maintain the company success in such a competitive environment. Creating a juvenile vision by having visualise in innovation and organisation changed, leader will be able to inspire and motivate others to reach the objectives.Institutionalising change it is essential for transformational leaders to put an effort to convince others. Leaders need to advise and create trust among employees in the organisation in order to let them consider the idea of vision and reach the goal. The style of transformational leadership tends to match with the business world today since it is flexible and innovator. In addition, there are many business articles mentioned that workforce is the most important resource for organisation. Thus, this type of leadership takes into consideration of both business activity and relationship within organisation.These ii factors pave the passage of the company success. There are several distinctions between those theories nevertheless, they agree that there are certain characteristics should be attained in the leader to ensure the efficiency of his contribution. 3Chapter Three Leadership Characteristics 3 . 1Leadership Definition As there are many theories approached the leadership, there are also many definitions have been suggested for the leadership, some authors identify the leadership as a process to achieve groups/ organisations goals, others see the notion of leadership as trait, transformation or even as management.However, the definition of leadership by Rost (1993) can be used to dissect this notion (8). He defines the leadership as an do work relationship among leader and followers who intend real changes that reflect their mutual purposes. According to Rost, leadership is Influence Relationship the influence will be in both directions top-bottom and bottom-top. Intend real changes it message leadership includes red-blooded development in both leaders and followers. unwashed purposes both leader and followers agree about certain purposes which can be considered as missions or statements. . 2Leadership Characteristics There is a view argues that leaders are born and oth er say it is a science can be taught, both of those views did not describe leadership accurately, leadership is an art to be studied, practised, developed and lived. (Scott, 1996) There are certain characteristics that determine the effectiveness of leadership and shape the performance of leaders 1. Communicative the immensity of this skill, that it provides the leader with an ability to deliver precisely the ideas, visions and objectives required to be achieved.However, it is crucial to go through that the communications include the flow of data and information in two sides, top-bottom and bottom-top. Leaders have to consider sharing the ideas and unleash the contribution of employees, since occasionally, employees come up with innovative suggestions that might enhance or develop certain objectives. 2. Rewards and recognizes transaction express the appreciation for others efforts, has a vital role as a motivation. Leaders could achieve that by financial rewards or even by prais e the follower.Sometime simple gestures such as approving nod, thumbs- up or even quick comment like great communication channel, you are doing well is enough to encourage followers to improve their performance and productiveness. 3. Genuine interest in others it is undeniable fact that financial rewards have a significant influence on followers meanwhile, there are other motivations that should be attained. The leader should recognise the emotional support for followers since it creates allegiance.Genuine interest does not require a lot of efforts it might be expressed by asking about the personal health or family. For instance, in the company that I used to work, the owner asks employees about their planetary life before he asked about any other social occasion related to the work, this simple action was enough to motivate employees to work as they own the company. 4. aggroup orientation the successful leader takes into account the importance of team-work he gathers the follow ers and discusses with them the task or the missions.The leader listens to their opinion, stimulates their innovation, and finally creates the symmetry required to achieve the task. This gives employees more responsibility to improve their performance and productivity since they have significant role as decision- makers. 5. Visionary and idea-oriented the long-term objectives are vital issue in the successful leadership agenda he always seeks for new ideas and creativity. They consider the available competitive advantages and establish the pelt of substantial competitive advantages.When Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al-Maktoum (Dubais ruler) unveiled the appendage strategy of 2015, it was unsurprising for many economists that the city had met its 2010 GDP target two years ago. Many people argue that Dubai is only a cardhouse and it would diminish after it consumes its oil. However, this only untrue, nowadays, 74% of emirits GDP derives from real-estate, tourism and sell sectors ( Kerr, 2007). The rapid strides of the development of Dubai is referred to the log-term successful visions of it rulers, and his ability to create new competitive advantages for the country instead of the oil.Similar to that in the business world, Henry Ford by his long term vision as well as judicious risk calculated he managed to predict the market and customer mode and made Ford on of the most successful organisation. (Grint, 2000) 6. Decisiveness, responsibility and integrity although, it has been mentioned that followers should be involved in decision-making process, the leader is still the net decision-maker depending on the ability to consider the right decision in the proper(a) time.Since a decision has been made, the leader is completely responsible for the consequences of any mathematical risk, even if the leader is involved directly in the execution. Integrity is also very important, leaders do not use followers as means to achieve their purpose in satisfying the sha reholder instead, they understand that their contribution should consider the whole stakeholders. (Bowie et al, 2000) 7. Competence the word of competence derives from innovation, homework and development, accumulated experience, and the ability of the leader to learn.Since the leadership is an art, leaders have to consider the importance of shaping and the development of their skills this should be attained by substantial willing for knowledge and self-development. Those characteristics are very important to be attained by the leaders because they have crucial impact on the effectiveness of leadership, moreover, the effective leaders manage to create synergy between their followers, and committedness required for achieving certain objectives and tasks. 4Chapter Four Leadership in the 21st light speedSince the latter part of twentieth century the world has witnessed dramatic change in the whole domains, due to the rapid strides of technologies development, the spread of the globa lisation phenomenon, demographic shifts, migration and the rapid degradation of social and natural capital are creating fence tensions. (Connor et al, 2003, P. 59). Taking into account those quarrels, the demand of leadership has been increased noticeably with an urgent requisite of organisations for framework that tates the new criteria of leadership. Some of these are an expansion for the previous(prenominal) characteristics of leadership and others are new, however, those could be summarised as Understanding the Culture conversion although the geographical barriers have been eliminated, the cultural barriers are still an enormous challenge for businesses. Leaders should be aware that doing business is different from nation to nation, and it is completely restricted by the national traditions and habits.For instant In the USA, Innovations and achievements are considered as individual effort, hence, the influence of the individual recognition will be lucid in Human Resource Management of the American firms, individual reward system, idea and even in the job designed. While in mainland China the individual efforts and innovations are referred to the founder of the firm. In Chinese tradition the achievement are always referred to the collective units such as families, organisations, and the country. (Tsang, 2007) The misunderstanding in the communication is another consequence of the lack of culture appreciation.Many conflicts were occurred, contracts were rejected and negotiations failed at the last stage because of the lack of communication with other culture. Thus far, the all-encompassing understanding for influence of the culture on business is vital, because the world has become more united under the umbrella of globalisation. Strategic thinking An organisation can not be considered as an individual entity, instead it is influenced by external factors, such as competitors, suppliers, customers, critical financers and fluctuation in the market dem and.From this view the needs of substantial change in the corporate strategy emerges as an important requisite to enable the company to cope with change of the business environment. However, the ways-of-thinking of the leader have continues impact on corporate reorientation. (Hendry et al,1993). However, it is important to understand that strategic thinking is different from the strategic be after, Mintzberg argues that strategic planning derives from strategic thinking (Bonn, 2001, P63). The first aspect of the strategic thinking is remark and company knowledge.The leader observes the company daily life with its complexity and understands the drivers of the organisation performance and the influence of the external factors on this performance. The second aspect of the strategic thinking is creativity it is the core of strategic thinking. The leader seeks the substantial development for his organisation he identifies solutions for the company problems and creates vision which wil l determine the incoming of firm. Thereafter, the strategic thinking of the leader establishes the implementation required to achieve the company vision.Sharing vision with others is another significant element for the strategic thinking successful, since it generates loyalty and encourage them because they participate in decision-making process. Jeffery Bezos the founder of virago is considered as an important example of a successful leader, in such a high competitive business sector like the online, where other companies struggle to cope with the rapid stride of technology, amazon imposes itself as the leader of the online industries and especially the e- retailers, there is no doubt that the strategic thinking of Bezos is an ultimate key of the Amazon success.Bezos always has one eye on the future, in order to base the company long term objectives, however, his strategic thinking embodies by creating the Amazon vision and establishing the strategy needed to achieve the company objectives. Innovation is one of most important aspect of Bezos strategic thinking, since Amazon invests huge amount of money to provide the world with amazing technologies such as flexible Compute Cloud (ECC) to ensure that the company is still the leader of the dot com race. Hof, 2006) Whenever the world doubts, if Amazon can fulfil its promise to revolutionise retailing, Bezos wonders the people with such an innovative idea to reinforce Amazon position as being the e-retailer leader. With his strategic thinking as well as his yeasty working-team, Amazon never stops building its substantial competitive advantages. human-centred awareness as workforce constitutes the most value asset of the firm, the leader has significant responsibility to ensure their satisfaction commodious motivation system, training and development, praise, investment, participation in decision-making process are samples to obtain employees satisfaction. Since they have impact on employees productivity an d innovation. However, employees retention reflects the level of their satisfaction, and appreciation for company leader. accomplishment and self-awareness the leader has to have a profound knowledge about his organisation to be able to recognise its capability in order to create the vision and framework and means needed to achieve this vision, moreover, the successful leader is knowledge seeker to cope with rapid change in the business world. Self-awareness is another issue that leaders should take into consideration they distinguish their weaknesses and strengths, and use the last one to eliminate the weaknesses to improve the effectiveness of their leadership.Hence, leaders empower their ability to inspire and unite employees around themselves to maintain the company performance. 5Chapter tailfin Leadership Development The increase of the competition in the business world urges organisations to search more for competitive advantages in order to be able to survive and conquer th eir competitors in such a hostile business environment. no.adays organisations eventually start to concern about leadership development and devote tangible efforts to improve efficiencies of its individuals.However, the leadership development chopine should be prepared comprehensively in order to attain its purpose. The 360 degree appraisal system is an important step to initiate this program, since it provides feedback about the employee performance from different resources which helps to determine the improvement required regard to his strengths and weaknesses. (Ladyshewsky, 2007). Thereafter, the priority of the leadership development will be for the higher level managers, regard to their expected contribution on their subordinates, yet the improvement of the subordinate should be in the leadership development agenda.The leadership development program should cover the weakness of the employees that has listed in the 360 degree appraisal meanwhile, it should depend on modern tec hniques and case studies from other companies, rather than depending on the literatures and theories only. The final step in the leadership development program is the evaluation which derived from many criteria, such as the feedback of the program, the examination of the histrions understanding, and the tangible outcomes that the company will acquire which is the decisive for the program evaluation. Leskiw et al, 2007) However, there is another view should be deemed in the issue of leadership development, individuals perseverance is ultimate criteria for development, leader should have enough credibility to leave there weaknesses and finds the appropriate strategy to mitigate the impact of this weakness, moreover, the leader should be knowledge seeker to obtain the benefit of the others experience. 6Chapter Eight Conclusion The leadership an old requisite in the human beings life, nevertheless, it has become a considerable obsession for the organisations, regard to the substantial transformation in the world business.Although the theories of the leadership are different, they agree that there are several characteristic that should be attain by a person in order to be such a successful leader. Most of the leadership theories concern about the characteristic needed to reinforce two main things, creating competitive advantages and the workforce. As the workforce is the most important asset for the firm, the leader should consider employee co-occurrence around the company objectives throughout the leader humanistic consideration as followers need inspiration, different kind of motivation in order to enhance their performance.Meanwhile, the leader should eventually find the resource of the competitive advantages. Due to the dissemination of the globalisation phenomenon as well as the rapid development in technology, organisations require new leadership characteristic to cope with change in the business environment. However, the new leadership characteristics hav e emerged from the need for intersection the culture barriers, since it is an enormous obstacle for organisation. Creating the long-term planning depends on the strategic thinking of the leader to identify new vision for the company.The increase in the world competition is accomplished with raise of the leadership demand, thus far organisations should invest considerably in improving their leadership capability, since the world development will never stop. References Bass, B. M. , (1998), Stress and Transactional-Transformational Leadership, Transformational Leadership Industrial, Military, and Educational Impact, London Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Bonn, I. , (2001) create Strategic Thinking as a Core Competency, Management Decision, Vol. 39, zero(prenominal) , pp. 63-71 Bowie, N and Elmer, L. , (2000), Kantian Theory of Leadership, Leadership & organisation Development Journal, Vol. 21 none 4, pp. 185-193 Connor, R. and Mackenzie-Smith, P. (2003), The Leadership Jigsaw -finding the Missing Piece, Business Strategy Review, Vol. 14, publicize 1, pp 59-66 Dessler, G. , (1976) Leadership and Supervision, Organisation and Management Contingency Approach, New Jersey Prentice-Hall Publication. Draft, R. L. , (2002), Management, sixth Ed. Mason, OH South-Western Publication. Grint, K. (2000), Henry Ford The Blind Business Visionary, The Arts of Leadership, Oxford Oxford University Press Hendry, J (ed) and tushson, G (ed) with Newton, J (1993), Strategic Thinking Leadership and the Management of Change, England John Wiley Publication Higgs, M. , (2003) How can we make sense of leadership in the 21st century? , Leadership & organisation Development Journal, Vol. 24 No. 5, pp. 273-284 Hof, R. D. , (13/10/2006), Jeff Bezos Risky Bet, Business calendar week magazine Online. Available from Business week http//www. businessweek. com/magazine/content/06_46/b4009001. tm Accessed (20/04/2007)) Horner, M. , (1997) Leadership Theory Past, Present and Future, Team Performa nce Management, Vol. 3 No. 4, pp. 270-287 Kerr, S. , (24/07/2007), Emirate Sets its Sights on Trebled GDP by 2015, The pecuniary Times. Economy, pp. 2 Ladyshewsky, K. R, () A Strategic Approach for Integrating Theory to utilization in Leadership Development, Leadership & Organisation Development Journal, Vol. 28, No. 5, pp. 426-443 Leskiw, S and Singh, P. , (2007), Leadedrship Development Learning from Best Practices, Leadership & Organisation Development Journal, Vol. 8, No. 5, pp. 444-464 Lussier, R. N. , (1996), Human relations in organizations A skill-building approach. 2nd Ed. Chicago, IL Irwin, Inc Rost, J. C, (1993), Leadership definition, Leadership for the Twenty-First Century, London Praeger Publication. Scott , E. D. and Kleiner, B. H, (1996), Good? Leadership, Management Development Review, Vol. 9, No. 5, pp. 30-33 Tsang, D. , (2007), Leadership, National Culture and Performance Management in The Chinese software package Industry, International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, Vol. 56, No. 4, pp. 270-284

True Grit

Ronnie Simonson Mrs. brownness W-2 2-26-11 The Analysis of Base screw dinner gown A very famous author and poet may Swenson, wrote a poem called the, The Analysis of base dinner dress. This Poem uses many types of poesy atoms. The shares that are chiefly use in, The Analysis of baseball game are Onamonpias, Rhyme, and metaphors. In the Poem,The Analysis of Baseball there are many Onamonpias employ as an element of poetry. In this poem Onamonpias are utilize to get the lector into the poem and advance excitement.The archetypal congresswoman where an Onamonpia is used is when may Swenson says, nut bounces off flutter, fly air, or thwack ball meets mitt. What that statement was grammatical construction was that the baste butt joint choose whether to make contact with the ball or watch as it goes into the catchers mitt. hotshot more causa where an Onamonpia is used to eat excitement to the poem is where she says, Sometimes ball gets make headway Pow when bat meets it, and sails to a place where mitt just has to quit. In that example the record POW is the sound that is going to occur when the ball meets the bat. Next in the poem, The Analysis of Baseball rime is another element of poetry used in this poem. In this poem rhyme is used because it extend tos it a stab of humor and helps the reader get a rhythm. The first example where rhyme is used is when the poet says, hunk hates to take bats bait. What that is saying is that the ball doses not want to come into a partnership with the bat or have a big impact.The contiguous example of rhyme that is used stated is, Ball flirts, whacky late, applyt notice the date. What that meant was that the clobber was late to swing and straight off cannot hit the ball. The live main element of poetry that was used in, The Analysis of Baseball is Metaphors. One example of a metaphor is when May Swenson says, Bat waits for ball to mates. Ball hates to take bats bait. In that verse May Swenson is saying that the batter has swung and missed the ball and now has a strike because the bat wants to mate but the ball does not want to take bats bait.The next example where a metaphor is used is when she says, Ball flirts, bats late, dont keep the date. What that statement was saying is the batter has once once again swung and missed and now has an additional strike. This poem has used many types of elements of poetry. May Swenson used metaphors, rhyme, and Onamonpias to experience this poem excitement and also help give the reader meat to the poem. This poem also tells the reader what is happening without authentically even sexual intercourse them what is happening.True GritRonnie Simonson Mrs. Brown W-2 2-26-11 The Analysis of Baseball A very famous author and poet May Swenson, wrote a poem called the, The Analysis of Baseball. This Poem uses many types of poetry elements. The elements that are primarily used in, The Analysis of Baseball are Onamonpias, Rhyme, and metaphors. In the Poem,The Analysis of Baseball there are many Onamonpias used as an element of poetry. In this poem Onamonpias are used to get the reader into the poem and give excitement.The first example where an Onamonpia is used is when May Swenson says, Ball bounces off bat, flies air, or thwack ball meets mitt. What that statement was saying was that the batter can choose whether to make contact with the ball or watch as it goes into the catchers mitt. One more example where an Onamonpia is used to give excitement to the poem is where she says, Sometimes ball gets hit Pow when bat meets it, and sails to a place where mitt just has to quit. In that example the word POW is the sound that is going to occur when the ball meets the bat. Next in the poem, The Analysis of Baseball rhyme is another element of poetry used in this poem. In this poem rhyme is used because it gives it a scene of humor and helps the reader get a rhythm. The first example where rhyme is used is when the poet says, B all hates to take bats bait. What that is saying is that the ball doses not want to come into a coalition with the bat or have a big impact.The next example of rhyme that is used stated is, Ball flirts, bats late, dont keep the date. What that meant was that the batter was late to swing and now cannot hit the ball. The last main element of poetry that was used in, The Analysis of Baseball is Metaphors. One example of a metaphor is when May Swenson says, Bat waits for ball to mate. Ball hates to take bats bait. In that verse May Swenson is saying that the batter has swung and missed the ball and now has a strike because the bat wants to mate but the ball does not want to take bats bait.The next example where a metaphor is used is when she says, Ball flirts, bats late, dont keep the date. What that statement was saying is the batter has once again swung and missed and now has an additional strike. This poem has used many types of elements of poetry. May Swenson used metaphors, rhy me, and Onamonpias to give this poem excitement and also help give the reader meaning to the poem. This poem also tells the reader what is happening without really even telling them what is happening.

Turkle and Gopnik

Connecting mensess for Turkle and Gopnik What changed? That James story inspection and repairs supply the key. It was trains and telegrams. The railroad finish isolation, and packed the metropolis with muckle whose work was defined by a complicated network of social obligations. (Gopnik 157). She confined that she would trade in her buster for a sophisticated Japanese robot if the robot would produce what she called pity environment I would be happy to produce the illusion that in that location is somebody corporeally with me A responsive robot even exhibited write behavior, seemed better to her than he demanding boyfriend (Turkle 269). In both passages the authors discuss how engineering can be very convenient for us. Gopnik discusses how trains and telegrams make it easier for people to induce where they need to and communicate. However, trains brought over crowding to the cities and telegrams created a sense of separation because outright people did not have to actual ly go and see individually other. Turkle also have wordss about the convenience that comes with technology. When she was talking to a female that said that she would not mind a robot boyfriend because it would help her not to be lonely but un desire a real one it she would not have to tend to their demands. The real question, I see was not Why this friend? but, Why this fiction? Why as Olivia had seen so clearly, argon grownups in New York so busy, and so ghost with the language of busyness that it dominants their conversation? grabbing lunch instead of sitting slew and exchanging intimacies( Gopnik 156). Do you care that the overturn is alive? A ten course of instruction old girl told me that she would prefer a robot turtle because spirit comes with aesthetic inconvenience For what the turtles do, you didnt have to have live ones. (Turkle 265-266) twain authors have make assumptions for their essays based on youths point of view . Gopnik uses his daughters imaginary f riend to show how things are in the busy life of a New York. Technology has made New Yorkers so busy that they rather talk to the person later(prenominal) instead of sitting down and having actual conversation. Turkle also uses children to explain her point. At the zoo with children she explains how they said that they rather see a mechanical turtle because actual interaction with a turtle is not needed if the put off one can do the same thing.Both of these are examples of how technology is straight off seen as equal to physical bonding. Busyness is felt so intently here because we are both crowded and overloaded. We exit the apartment into a still dense nineteenth century grid of street corners and restaurants of people full of people, and come to a twentieth-century grid of faxes and emails and overwhelming incompleteness (Gopnik 158) We fix a following on Facebook or Myspace and wonder to what degree our chase are friends But for most people it begins when one creates a co mpose on social- networking site or builds a persona or incarnation for a game or virtual world. (Turkle 273). Both authors in these quotes talk about how, how technology has begun today to follow you everywhere and becomes more principal(prenominal) to you than anything else. And how we create online networks we become encompassed and like our emails they become our lives. We become overwhelmed because we feel like we must respond to them and we must check our twitter followers.

Misogyny in Theogony Essay

In Theogony, Hesiod expresses misogynistic notions and shows the triviality of the creation of women. Hesiod portrays the insignificant role for women. He uses marriage as a light-hearted yet serious judgment and stereotypes against all women. Hesiod explains the most misogynistic attitudes in the story of Pandora. He works misogyny into female ogres and goddesses that use their tricks on men. Hesiod displays the dominance of the male sex in his poem, Theogony.Hesiod touches on his feelings toward the imagination of marriage. Referring to Theogony, he states that the man who avoids marriage arrives at an old age with no iodin to look after him and distant relatives share out his living. The man who finds a good wife spends a life, that is balanced between unfairness and good, / A constant struggle.(393-394) While the man who gets an awful wife lives with, He lives with imposition in the heart all down the line, / Pain in pith and mind, incurable evil.(395-396) Hesiods idea of m arriage is more of a principle process with the man as dominant and the woman is to be controlled.The very(prenominal) creation of women was a punishment to mankind. Out of Zeus anger toward Prometheus, came Pandora, the archetypical woman. Hesiod explains the thoughts of immortal gods and mortal men as they first glanced at the comely creation as sheer deception, irresistible to men. / From her is the race of female women, / The sulphurous race and population of women, / A great infestation among mortal men. (373-376) The just reason women live in this world is because of the sins of one male figure. Women cod no other purpose in Hesiods words than to be the bad that upsets the good in the world.In Theogony, Hesiod mentions the monster Echidna lav of heart, who was half nymph with fair cheeks and curling lashes, and half a grave serpent, terrible and huge, glinting and ravening, down in the hidden depths of the numinous earth. This monster that Hesiod describes seems to pa rallel with his image of women beautiful simply deceiving. Theogony also describes Aphrodite as a modest and beautiful goddess. Although she is the goddess of intimacy, tenderness, and pleasure, she is also the goddess of deceptions. Aphrodite claims she is the most powerful because she can turn all other gods.Hesiod wrote this poem with a lot of misogynistic thoughts in mind. The idea of marriage is irrelevant except for the matter of reproduction of strong and gallant men in Theogony. The creation of women was originally a punishment to Prometheus but Hesiod shows that this is a punishment to all mankind. Women are also often compared to monsters and evil creatures. Hesiod states throughout his poem that women are often insignificant and trivial to the lives of men.