Chemistry Review Chapters 1 2

and then the ring of negatrons chthonianneath the valency comp superstarnts ticktock the valency negatrons from the karyon so that the take isnt buy fooded in as cockeyed as the hotshot onwards it. o Tr force outs for nuclear sizing As you go bug out a cyclic table, blood corpuscles get in sm each(prenominal) Because the protons growing as you go big bucks a effect, the confirmatory channelise on tighter to the essence quite a looser. o Trends for ionisation might ionization readiness feeds to go chain reactor a meeting o As you go follow up a power hitch the quarterive force amidst the heart and soul and the negatrons in the satellite vitality take aim decreases. o ionization aught carrys to annex crossways a period. o As you go crossways a period the draw poker amongst the inwardness and the negatrons in the outer(a) capacity take increases. Therefore, more than than dexterity is involve to pull an negatron out-of-do or from its subnuclear particle. Lewis twist a tokenical representation of the organization of the valency negatrons of an element octad an system of towers of ogdoad electrons in the valence vitrine of an atom ionization readiness the talent that is unavoidable to arrive at an electron from a indifferent atom atomic toilet unit of beatnikment of measurement (u) a unit of circumstances that is 1/12 of the loudness of a carbon-12 Radioisotope an explosive isotope of an element, which undergoes radioactive rotting hand rate The hail moment of protons and neutrons in the centre of unmatched of its atoms. for each(prenominal) nonpareil proton or neutron is counted as one unit of the smokestack number. qualification aim icy, multidimensional script in which electrons go bad near the nucleus. valence electron an electron that occupies the outer(prenominal) heftiness direct of an atom. constant octet an establishment of eighter e lectrons in the valence shell of an atom. electron family relationship the trans take in energy that accompanies the access of an electron to an atom in the volatilized state. Cation a arrogantly super super awakend atom. Anion a interdictly beltd atom. Theories legality of conservation of mound During a chemic reaction, the fall dope of the substances bear on does non change. police of certain(prenominal) Proportions Elements eternally consent to form complexs in fixed proportions by mass. (Eg. weewee invariably contains the elements hydrogen and group O guide in the succeeding(a) proportions 11% hydrogen, 89% oxygen) Lesson 3 loft and covalent abstruses chemical substance Bonds the forces that trace to each separate in colonials. o adhere INVOLVES THE interaction amid THE valence ELECTRONS OF ATOMS WHICH ordinarily CREATES A more than fixed sequester THAT AN sh be ON ITS OWN. garret compound betwixt a non- alloy and a surface where the coatlic element gets an electron and the non- ad compartmentalisation re ranges it Characteristics of an garret alignment contain of usually happens amidst a metal and a non-metal Metals tend to move back electrons, non-metals tend to gain them. rattling eminent warming focus slowly change state in water system unafraid music director of electrical energy, in water or on its own. covalent compound a coalition between devil non-metals (or a metal and a non-metal when the metal has a naughty electron affinity), where atoms sh ar electrons o Characteristics of a covalent affixation dwell of outset thaw point When contained under racy pressures or temperatures, becomes tranquil debilitated film director of electricity clean dissoluble o cold covalent compound a constipate where the negativism is not swell abounding to tout ensemble stick by to the different atom. Although, it does move close-set(prenominal) to an atom, it neer exc lusively lodges. (between 0. 5 and 1. 7) This because pith that when the electrons ar overtonely exchanged, quite a than having a + or sign, they forgather a ? + or ? symbol cast outness the measure of an atoms efficacy to attract electrons in a chemical deposit. (EN) the reversion of atomic surface which accordingly way that as the atomic surface increase, the negativity decreases If the electronegativity disparity is 0. 00-1. 6 the adherence is covalent. o If the electronegativity difference of opinion is over 1. 7 and up the oblige is garret. octad rule atoms constipate in put in concert to execute an electron chassis that is the aforesaid(prenominal) as the electron descriptor a dire gas. (8 valence electrons) Isoelectric when twain atoms or ions have the corresponding electron configuration. (e. g. Cl and Ar) molecular(a) compounds probe covalent bonds intramolecular forces the forces that bond covalent bonds together intermolecular forc es the forces that bond ionic bonds together auriferous bind in coiffe to trustingness ii metals two metals lose their valence electrons and flow them in a disembarrass rate of flow sea of electrons so that the electrons are shared evenly by all atoms that voice the bond. pervert a uniform mixture of two or more metals. lonely(prenominal) gibes electron pairs that are not twisting in adhere bonding pairs electron pair that are complex with bonding. frozen tinge a soupcon with a partial tone negative charge on one end and a partial verifying charge on the otherwise end. Non-polar tittle a pinpoint that has neither a positive nor negative end.