One Step Home Brewing Kit Essay Example for Free

One Step Home Brewing Kit EssayThere are a lot of home brewing kits available in market provided all have a typical problem associated with it. We have act with a new One Step Home Brewing Kit based on our patented technology. Soon we plan to launch it in market. We did a market research for such ware and gained a lot of valuable information. Based on all those observations we have come with the following plan. We would be operating(a) through internet instead of setting up a shop for it, at least for the sign phase. Not only it reaches to more people but also is more convenient to operate.We wont run the website ourselves but would outsource to a separate company. Our research shows that outsourcing would be cheaper. We have finalized our hosting company and hosting plans. The initial one time cost comes to be around $10,000/-. Regarding our financials For the first month our primary tar arse about is set our infrastructure right. We need to get comfortable with the setup, hone our settings. So, for the first month we wont be spending much on advertising but would mainly focus on our acquaintance and grape publicity to get our customers.We have kept a modest sales target of 100 units. Each kits selling price would be $30/-. woo of r scourue is assumed to be 45% of revenue. Biggest expense during this time would be of setting up the website which includes one time cost of website hosting, web designing and taking photographs of our product. The setting up process leave behind take around 20 -25 days. From the last few days of the month we would increase our advertisements and also would put substance abuser experiences of our product on the website.Rough estimate shows a loss for the first month which is very well expected at the beginning of a railway line firm. In the second month we expect sales of around 500 units. This increase is expected due to increase in our advertising and the positive feedback given over by our customers for our produ ct. We ourselves have no doubt that our product is best and hence expect strong positive atmosphere for our product in the market. To cater to this change magnitude need we would need to purchase a new computer and hire an operator for that.The New systems cost is put in superpower equipment expenses field. This would increase our staff from 1 to 2. We also would have to work in those positions to curtail our staff requirements For the 3rd month we expect sales of around 800 units and hope to induce a new staff and a new computer to keep up with our increasing customer visits and their database. We hope to reach our break even point by the end of 3rd month. For the next quarter we hope to keep a calm speed and again check our system and get the work boundaries of everyone more finer.We would take one more employee at non technical position. For 3rd quarter we again expect a rapid increase in our sales due to the previous quarters corrective steps. We will introduce a new staff in our team to concentrate specifically on our advertising. So our advertising cost reaches an all time high. For final quarter we hope to keep up this good trend. For 2nd year we will deliver to outsource some(a) of our processes like dispatching, packing etc. so that we focus more on our core competence i. e. our product.We will also try to start RD around our product. This will help us bring out some new product. We will first be looking to bring some product that would complement our product. Also we may venture out in new areas if they seem perfect for our conditions. Our Rent is going to increase by 20% In 3rd year we will double our infrastructure. This may be for our new product or to keep the increased volume of sales of our existing product. This year we will definitely setup our RD if they are not setup to the full extent in the second year.As the world is progressing fast in technology fields and future would hold golden days for technology products. We will surely bring some product in this domain. Our core product would of course be always our focus and we will always try to better it. As we move past the expected milestones we would surely be get more experienced and will fine tune our expenses, Mobilize our staff to specific positions. This is our plan till now and we hope to surpass it every month, quarte

The Evolution of Federalism Essay Example for Free

The Evolution of Federalism EssayFederalism is the current suit of government used in the United States. In this system of government, there is distribution of power between central authority or the national government and the local political units. The framers of the United States Constitution intractable that a federal officialist government would work best for the country because it can lead to a stronger and unified government thereby giving focus to the needs of individually state and the country as a whole.Every type of government is unique in its own way and each has its own pros and cons. The evolution of a federal type of government has both positive and negative effects. Aside from unifying the government, the local governments independence results in efficiency overdue to fast decision-making. The federal system provides convenience to the citizens because they can compare the structure in different states thereby giving them the ultimate decision where they want to confront in.A federalist government has a greater chance for progress because their system allows them to strategize and formulate different approaches in their economic and political framework. The existence of a federal government avoids and reduces the risk of authoritarianism (Walker, 2001).There are also some(prenominal) disadvantages of the federal government such as the incoherence or overlapping of several policies among different states and the tendency for unhealthy competition among states due to the difference of governance.For its continued existence, the government needs to formulate a system regardless of the form. No type of government guarantees the success of a nation. At present, different structures of government are being used all throughout the world and by far, the only expose to a progressive and successful society lies not in the government itself but the people behind it.ReferencesWalker, G. (2001). Ten advantages of a federal constitution. On origin Opinion. Retrieved April 20, 2009 from http//www.onlineopinion.com.au/view.asp?article=1265page=3

Evolution of Human Sexuality Essay Example for Free

Evolution of Human Sexuality EssayWhat is the difference between awaken and sexual pr pieceice? Over the years world sexuality has been a debate that has never been won. Each and every day in that respect are person who expresses their sexuality differently and others considered them to be taboo. Perfect by nature thats what we ought to be but because of self indulgence with choice we have developed sexuality. fit in to Gainor sex is refer to as the persons biological status and it is typically categorized as male, female or intersex. Then what is sexuality? Has sexuality given us our gender identity and sexual orientation?Thus I will expound on the history of sexuality and how it has evolved. As former(a) as the populations of the Hebrews sex was vital to their lively hood. The Hebrews considered the act of sex the bond to a monogamy relationship one man, one married woman according to Rabbi Tulushkin but if a woman was childless or developed an abnormality such as a boi l would lead to the grounds of divorce which rarely happened. They in any case thought that sex was the divine injunction of procreation thus homosexuality was crockedly disapproved of.They believed that marital bonds would be strengthened the heterosexual relationships and create a strong bond for the family. Although they had clear preference for monogamy relationship, polygamy was permissible. On the other hand umteen cultures such as the ancient Greeks normalized or promoted homosexuality among the adult males who were soldiers and senior(a) males with male youths usually teenagers, entering into pedagogic friendships or love affairs that also had an erotic dimension.If sexual, the relationship lasted until the youth was ready for adulthood and marriage therefore, it was non suppose to threaten the institution of the family. Women had no status or rights than slaves in their society only giving them a job as concubines or planetary house wives they were treated like chatte ls. Beastality and Sadism were practiced of the world of ancient Rome. These sexual acts were only found among men of hierarchy. Although bestiality and sadism were accepted in their era, homosexuality was considered to be a threat to the family. After the crucifixion of Christ, Christians thought that masturbation and prostitution were sinful.Sexual pleasure even within the marriage was considered to be a sinful act from the days of Eve and Adam. According to Saint Augustine sexual lust ,shame and sexual intercourse during marriage were passed down from Adam and Eve were considered to be inherently wickedness therefore the only way they could have salvation was through celibacy. Hence, Christians recognize sex for procreation and not for self satisfaction. The Bible is considered to be the oldest book make by man and inspired by god but within the Indian culture the Kama Sutra was held has the bible of sexual pleasure.It gave a descriptions of ways in which a man or a female can s educed their partner and get them sexually aroused. They considered sex a spiritual gift that god gave them to expressed themselves. The Chinese also saw the act to be spiritual and was anything but sinful. The man is suppose to absorb more of his wife natural essence yin and to bring his wife to orgasm which is used as a channel for the flow of energy and enhance his own masculine essence yang. As the world got revolutionized the conception of sex and sexuality changed drastically.During this time women got the opportunity to be liberated to vote and attend academic studies. Most religious practices became oblivious. Many Christians have adopted the view that there is no sin whatsoever in the uninhibited enjoyment of marital relationships One factor in the change of values pertaining to sexual activities was the improvement of the technologies. engine room became the mastermind of our social and emotional behaviors in our everyday life . Instances, masturbation has been seen as th e norm in our society especially with pornography being so rampant.This affects the enjoyment of sex as the actual act being replaced by virtual reality. In virtually developing countries, fear of epidemic has drastically changed many aspects of twentieth century human sexuality. Fear of contracting AIDS and other sexual transmitted diseases has driven a revolution in educating person well-nigh sex which now centers far more the use of protection and abstinence. Bestiality remains illegal in most countries and condoned in none. Thus anyone carrying out this mannikin of practice will be subjected to punishment.This good gift of sex has been perverted and corrupted in our secular world, which is why it is such a struggle for most persons. The idea of including the perfection of ones self in the realm of moral behavior is appealing. Indeed, I believe this to be the core purpose of human existence. Although, there are medieval practices still been carried out today most customs that w ere seen then are considered to be taboo and non-religious. Human behavior has changed in many ways than one but the understanding of human identity is still being questioned.

Extra Pulmonary Small Cell Carcinoma of Tongue

Extra Pulmonary Small Cell Carcinoma of Tongue

Causes And Effects Of Traffic Congestion Tourism Essay

Causes And make Of Traffic Congestion Tourism EssayJain, Sharma and Subramanian mentioned that congestion in the get together States has increased dramatically since the last twenty-five years, which is the same as many countries that suffering from craft congestion currently. From the authors prospective, one of the major produces of traffic jam in the most cities is poor road traffic management system.Increasing of traffic congestion e actually year is causing increasing of air pollution, wasting of meter and productivity and causes diverse diseases such as, respiratory diseases. Moreover, the cost of solving or reducing traffic congestion is enormous. However, neglecting the traffic jam difficulty would increase the fond problems among citizens.The next part of this essay illustrates many causes of traffic congestion in different cities around the world, and the core groups of these causes on the environment. Further much, the solutions that solved the traffic jam problem , and the suggested solutions that could serving to reduce the congestion in some cities.Causes and EffectsThis part of the essay demonstrates many causes, effects and possible solutions of traffic congestion problems.1. Los Angeles (USA).Causes and EffectsOne of the briny causes of traffic congestion in Los Angeles (United States of America) is car culture, which means many people in the city or county owned private cars (Thisdell, 1993). Additionally, the land-use pattern is an important movement that makes people in Los Angeles were using private cars widely and made transport planning difficult. Furthermore, traffic congestion increased due to no underground line and public transport in Los Angeles. Moreover, the high numbers of vehicles, which ar a result of overpopulation and the economic growth, and the weak of public transportation, have a negative effect on the environment such as air pollution, which happened on Saturday when commuter traffic is insignificant. Sorense n (2009) illustrated many reasons that make Los Angeles have traffic congestion such as Common misconceptions and high regional population density. As an example of common misconceptions, people in Los Angeles love cars driving, which means the relation between people and their cars is very strong and described as loves relation. As an example of high regional population density is drivers were not consider roads as a problem of traffic congestion. Sorensen said that high population and some of the other factors that aforementioned could also make the traffic jam worse.SolutionsThisdell (1993) mentioned that Los Angeles County transportation committee said creates more roads for cars bequeath not solve traffic congestion problems, with increasing numbers of people and vehicles. Also, traditional public transport such as buses will be more effective in limited areas only. The committee suggested that thermionic vacuum tube system, which is a complete project of public transport inc luding underground railways, buses and developing motorways. It is see the sluttish that, the system has many advantages such as reducing time loss, increase productivity and cut pollution. However, the cost of making just the initiatory part of Metro project was $1.35 billion. In addition, there are some threats to human life such as, gas and earthquakes. Sorensen (2009) mentioned about some short strategies that can solve traffic problem in Los Angeles such as, encouraging people to use ride-sharing and bicycles, improve the system of controlling the traffic light and make it more efficient, which are cheesy solutions but very effective and eco-friendly. The other solution is Peak -hour road pricing which make people pay some money to drive on specific roads at specific period of the day Downs (2004). This solution makes roads expensive and avoids traffic congestion at peak hours.2. Dhaka (Bangladesh).Causes and EffectsThe second cause that makes traffic congestion is leave o ut of planning of city roads. According to Mahmud et al. (2012), Dhaka, capital of Bangladesh, is one of the most densely populated cities in the square world. The population exceeded twelve million and still increasing daily making the traffic jams a big issue for Dhaka government. According to their survey, many reasons cause this congestion such as, huge number of people live in the city and owned their cars and traffic rule violation. In addition, the roads are narrow, lack of Planning of the citys roads and bad traffic signalling. It is clear from the survey that the citys roads are the most problems that causing traffic congestion. Due to traffic jam, there are many impacts on the economy, peoples health and the environment. The economic impact describes as people losing some working hours, cars consumed more fuel and vehicle maintenance cost. Furthermore, people in Dhaka are suffering from inconvenience, breathing and eye problems which caused by pollution. Additionally, env ironmental problems such as, air and sound pollution are threatening peoples lives. Dey et al, (2002) mentioned that 86% of the general people who live in Dhaka considered noise pollution are a big issue for them. For instance, a high percentage of students said they examine in a noisy environment.SolutionsMany solutions considered for solving Dhaka traffic congestion.According to Mahmud et al. (2012) survey, three different breaker points to curb traffic jam were mentioned as follows the first point is considered residents point of view figure1, which including suggestions such as, increasing peoples awareness about traffic causes and their impact on the environment. In addition to that, 16% of people cogitate that improving public transport is an important solution that can reduce the cost and time for them. As well as, scheduling different times to commence schools and government offices to avoid a traffic jam on the roads. The second point is vehicles considerations figure2, which mean vehicle operators, could help to reduce traffic congestion. It is clear from figure2 that, 41% of operators considered making strict rules of the roads, that every driver should follow these rules, as an effective solution to curb traffic jam. Moreover, 16% of the operators suggested decentralization solution, which means distribute the main offices and shopping centres far from city centre to avoid a huge traffic on the road going there .The third point takes the experts point of view, which were classified into three parts. The first part is the short-term solution (5 years) that can reduce roads jam temporarily as improving traffic light systems and increase the parking prices. The second part is the medium-term solution (5-10 years), such as improving the railways and makes it more efficient. The third part is the long-term solution (

History Of An Ethical Dilemma Social Work Essay

History Of An Ethical Dilemma Social Work EssayIn this essay, based on a case study and honourable dilemma (see appendix) I testament demonstrate the mathematical operation of ethical finding making and justify a course of go through. I leave alone discuss the ethical issues from the dilemma critically examine competing BACP ethical principles and guidelines, issues of difference, organisational issues and legal implications and evaluating the outcome. To conclude I will discuss the cure relationship. To maintain confidentiality and node anonymity, all personal details train been amended within this academic essay and case study.Impacts upon the problem and issues to call backAn impact upon the problem is, if I pause confidentiality, I will be damaging the trusting relationship formed with Raj, leaving her feeling isolated, set ahead vulnerable and let down. This could affect non lone(prenominal) her trust in future relationships and hinder her from seeking help in the future but also her therapeutic progress.If I exposeed confidentiality it could lead to my node experiencing gain ground threats from her husband. Raj is majestic of going to the police when this happens as in the past he manipulated the police into believing she was abusing her husband which led to him having custody of their son. unless more, it could cause the father to be angry with Aaron and could lead to him experiencing further abuse.However, as a member of the BACP I hire a duty of c ar towards my client and a statutory and common right(a) handfulness duty to safeguard vulnerable children as actualised by the Childrens Act (2004) (Jenkins, 2004). Further impperforming the situation is the organisations policies regarding confidentiality and child vindication, which require me to breach confidentiality and report much(prenominal) concerns to my line manager and drop a safeguarding alert to social services. Additionally, when contracting in our initial counselli ng session, I explained that in circumstances of child protection and where my client or others are at risk of harm, confidentiality would be breached, which Raj agreed too, gum olibanum she was aware of this when she disclosed child abuse to me.Furthermore, if I was to breach confidentiality without Rajs consent, she would non want to continue our counselling sessions due to trust being broken. It could also seem dis esteemful of Rajs wefts and concerns and that I do not visit her frame of reference.Further issues to consider include the clients socialization, my own morals and standpoint, what action needs to be taken to keep in line a easily quality of practice, the ethical, legal and professional implications for each decision made as well as considering will breaching confidentiality be for the greater good and whose interests will be met. term also considering Rajs interests and rights to be allay of harm, autonomous living, justice and good quality of therapy, I mus t also consider the consequences for myself and my own self- comply and needs (BACP, 2010).Whose dilemma is it?It is Rajs dilemma as she is fearful of her ex-husband finding out that Aaron told her more or less the contingency, fearing this will lead to Aaron being further abused. The decision affects Raj as I have been trusted with personal, confidential info, accordingly Raj will feel neglected and betrayed if confidentiality is breached, leaving her isolated (Welfel, 2006, pp 67). Her vulnerability will further due to feelings of abandonment as presently I am her notwithstanding support besides the collectivist family unit.It is also my problem as I am being asked to keep g everywherenment agency despite feeling wary and uncomfortable in doing so. While I have no legal liability to report child abuse, I have an ethical obligation to report the disclosure as I have a duty of care towards protect a child at risk and a vulnerable adult as well as acting in the best interests of the client. Furthermore it would be morally wrong of me to not report the incident and especially if something else happens causing further harm to Aaron and/or Raj, which seems interchangeablely as the ex-husband has a history of abuse and aggressive behaviour. I will need to act quickly in order to prevent possible further harm to Aaron.Raj has specifically asked for confidentiality to be maintained, so if I breached confidentiality, this will be untrustworthy and going against my clients wishes. However, confidentiality tin jakes be breached in cases of child protection and if someone is at risk of harm in this case Aaron. Due to Rajs vulnerability and fear resulting from domestic violence, her thought process may be irrational and anxiety provoked. As a counsellor I need to act in the best interests of my client and to protect her from harm.By breaching trustfulness, I do not want to create further problems for my client or do anything that will cause harm to her or her son. I have an obligation to Raj, BACP and the organisation to put my own feelings aside in order to follow the best interests of my client and what causes the least harm to her whilst also having an ethical obligation to protect Aaron against harm.In my job description, it is not recountd that I will solely liable for damages therefore, it is the organisations problem because as my employer they could face legal implications if confidentiality is breached, i.e. if Raj sued the organisation. BACP (2010) state respecting client confidentiality is a fundamental requirement for keeping trust. I am a member of the BACP so I would be going against their guidelines by breaching confidence without consent.Ethical Principles and Values, Organisation Policies and Legal IssuesBy law, I am required to maintain confidentiality so long as the client or anyone else is not at risk of harm and when confidentiality is assumed or requested, , I would be lying to Raj and betraying her trust and their relationship is this information was disclosed to a third companionship (Welfel, 2006). However, age in cases of child protection sensible consent is not required due to having a statutory duty to report, I can be beneficial and open with Raj about what I plan on doing to ensure congruence and maintain the therapeutic relationship.There are many possible conflicts between ethical principles and the law. The law states confidentiality must be abided so long as no one is at harm, however the BACP ethical principles of justice and self-respect ensure that not only does the professional consider the clients best interest, without causing harm to themselves. However, by adhering to confidentiality about something I am morally against I would not be befittingly applying the ethical principles as entitlements for myself. While I have a main responsibility to keep Raj from harm, I also must consider the Aarons right for safety device. While Raj has a human right to choice, I have an ethical and professional obligation to ensure I provide Raj with necessary information to ensure the decision made is the best possible decision for Raj and Aaron and would cause the least harm.By attending clinical supervision and line management supervision I will be able to receive guidance on dealing with dilemma, gain a differing perspective on the situation. Reflection will also help me understand the situation more clearly.FidelityI have established an prepareive therapeutic relationship based on trust, congruence, safety, UPR and warmth with Raj. It would be untrustworthy of me to breach confidentiality as Raj trusts me. However as I am required by the BACP and organisation to report child protection, I will need to be reasonable with Raj and explain that I will need to report the incident however it would be better if she gave her consent and explaining wherefore this matter needs to be reported. libertyThroughout the counselling process, I have valued Rajs autonomy thro ugh choice and offering power to nominate decisions within therapy. I must respect her decision by keeping her material confidential and her right to be self-governing and make choices independently without hindrance (Gillon, 1985). However by portion Raj consider the situation and consequences thoroughly, through all perspectives, she will be able to make an informed decision. By gaining informed consent I will be invariable by BACP guidelines as well as respecting my clients right to choice and accurate information and being client-centred. By explaining my ethical obligations in the contracting process and reiterating this and my requirements in safeguarding children when Raj made the disclosure, I am informing her of foreseeable conflicts as soon as possible.BeneficenceRaj is vulnerable, confused, scared and distressed, therefore is it not sure if she is able to recognise her best interest. She may not be acting rationally due to her fear of her ex-husband and worry over her son. By explaining why it would be in her best interests and Aarons best interests to disclose child abuse, I am showing a commitment to promoting her well-being as well as being concrete and honest.Non-maleficenceThe action that would cause the least amount of harm to Raj is to make the safeguarding alert without disclosing where I gained the information. While this will limit the action social services can take against her husband and to protect her son, it will ensure that her husband will not find out that she or Aaron disclosed the abuse. If I was to not make the safeguarding alert, Raj would remain distressed and fearing for her sons safety which would cause her further emotional harm.JusticeRaj has human rights to uninvolveddom and choice over her decision and the support she receives and the right to respect for private and family life, however she and Aaron have a right to prohibition of torture. The fairest decision for both Raj and Aaron is to make the safeguarding alert with informed consent. By honouring her right to information I am being fair by assisting her to make an informed decision. I am also being fair to myself in abiding by BACP ethics, the law and organisational policies.Self-RespectI am being asked to go against my own beliefs and morals as well statutory law and BACP ethical guidelines, frankincense conflicting with my right to beneficence, autonomy, non-maleficence, justice and my human rights.BACP state informed consent should be sought before breaching confidentiality, however the organisations policies state that clients do not need to be informed when breaching confidentiality for child protection matters, which would be dishonest of me and affect the therapeutic relationship. This causes conflicts within what is being asked of me, professionally, ethically, legally and morally what I feel is right. To work through these conflicts I attended clinical supervision and discussed the dilemma with my line manager.Possible Courses o f ActionAs a member of the BACP I am required to maintain confidence at Rajs request. By providing a rationale as to why confidentiality needs to be breached, I could work within the boundaries of my job and BACP ethical guidelines by helping Raj to understand that this disclosure would assist in ensuring Aarons safety in the future as procedures would be put into place to prevent further harm to Aaron and a safety plan can be formed to ensure Raj is safe from harm from her ex-husband. I could explain to her that when I make the disclosure to social services, I dont have to disclose her personal details and she can remain anonymous thus her ex-husband will not know that she has reported the incident. I can also explain to social services that Aaron is at risk of further harm so procedures will be put into place to protect him should the incident be investigated. This will hopefully put Raj at ease. Raj would need to fertilize written informed consent for me to share her information with a third party (Welfel, 2006), providing she is fully informed of all the facts to make that choice (Gerch and Dhomhnaill (2005). This would ensure I am abiding by the Data Protection Act (1998). By large(p) a rationale, offering a different perspective and accurate and necessary information, Raj will be able to make an informed decision. Raj is more likely to give me informed consent to make the disclosure if I show her that she can trust me to consider her best interests and ensure her safety as far as possible. I will allow Raj time to make up her mind, and ask questions to ensure she does not feel pressured (McLeod, 2010).The other option is to breach confidentiality without Rajs consent as a child is at risk of harm. This would mean the disclosure could be made sooner as I would not need to speak to Raj thus action to ensure Aarons safety could be taken sooner. However, in doing so I will damage the therapeutic relationship, breaking her trust and causing more psychologic al harm as she I would consequently be another person in her life whom she trusted but let her down, which will then make her more vulnerable and cause trust issues within future relationships. Furthermore, Raj could take legal action against me or the organisation (Jenkins, 2007). By choosing this course of action I will be going against BACP ethical guidelines, the organisations ethos and my own values and morals as an integrative practitioner as well as safeguarding legislations. To ensure Rajs safety I still could keep Rajs personal details confidential when making the safeguarding alert.Course of ActionHaving referred to the Childrens Act (1989, 2004) and its supporting guidance for safeguarding children (HM Government, 2006, 2010). I will explain to Raj that due to ethical guidelines, the organisations policies regarding child protection and statutory and common law as well as my moral duty of care towards Aaron, I need to breach confidentiality as stated in the counselling c ontract. I will explain to her that this safeguarding alert will assist in ensuring her sons safety in the future as there will be a record made and that social services will do whatever they can to prevent further harm to Aaron. I will explain to Raj that when I raise this alert to social services, if she prefers, I will not disclose her personal details, I will maintain her anonymity in accordance to the data protection act (1998) (Jenkins, 2007) and I will not disclose where I got this information from thus her husband will not know that she has reported the incident. However I will also explain to Raj that should she give me permission to disclose where I got this information from it will be further help as the more evidence I can provide, the better chance there is of social services acting upon the disclosure. I will explain that this is completely her choice and I will respect whatever decision she make, but I am professionally, ethically and legally required to breach confid entiality, thus enabling her to make an informed choice. Thus Raj would feel more confident and knowledgeable about her decision and she will have a choice in her decision (BMAED, 2004, pp. 74), thus respecting her autonomy and Human Rights (Bond, 2010).I will also explain that due to my respect for Raj I would like her permission to make this disclosure and to agree upon what information will be shared as well as abiding by BACP guidelines and the law. By explaining to Raj why this action must be taken, how I will ensure her and Aarons safety is maintained as much as possible and explaining each step I will take and the information to be shared, I am showing Raj that I value her and her opinion, I have her best interests at heart and that protecting Aaron and maintaining her safety is key within the work that I am doing. Ultimately I am exemplifying she can trust me and providing her with a safe environment, free from punishment.By also offering alternative perspectives such as exp laining the possible consequences of not making the safeguarding alert would also allow Raj to make an informed choice (BACP, 2010). It is important that I am honest with Raj and that I give her the necessary information as this would exemplify fidelity, client autonomy, respect, and equality. I will reassure Raj that I will support her, listen to her and that as an Asian counsellor I can understand her concerns regarding family honour and confidentiality thus I will maintain her anonymity it she feels that it what she wants to do.By choosing this course of action I show that I have considered universality, publicity and justice (Bond, 2010, Gabriel and Casemore, 2010) and the ethical, legal and professional implications, whereby I am abiding by the BACP ethical framework, the organisations policies on child protection and statutory law regarding data protection, confidentiality, and child protection and safeguarding vulnerable adults. Furthermore, I have considered the consequences of this action within supervision, considering the effect on the therapeutic relationship, my own rights and legal implications if informed consent is not sought.Evaluation of the outcomeThe outcome was that after the fourth session, with informed consent I made a safeguarding alert whilst also maintaining Rajs anonymity, which led to social services checking on Aaron and a record being made. Raj attended a further where she reflected upon her therapeutic progress, her self-esteem and shared her decision to apply for sole custody of Aaron.I would take this action again for other clients and feel I made the right decision as I was honest, gave the necessary information, respected Rajs autonomy, beneficence, maleficence and ensured that the decision was fair for everyone involved, prevented further harm to Raj, Aaron and abided by ethical and legal guidelines (Bond, 2010, Gabriel and Casemore, 2010). Furthermore, I considered the clients culture and presenting issues which were relev ant to ensuring her safety. Over all, I promoted the clients well-being and protected her from harm.Therapeutic RelationshipWhen clients are able to see us as genuinely concerned for them, that we are not putting on a professional faade, they will feel safe with us because we are reliable (Merry, 2002). By being honest about what I was intending to do and explaining I was congruent yet mindful of the clients frame of reference and experience I highlighted I was sincere in offering help.beyond the physical scars, domestic violence has profound effects on a womens self-worth. Lewis (2003) stated an abused woman needs to regain power and control over her life by making independent choices and decisions. Carl Rogers (1951) highlighted that we all have the capacity to be fully functioning if our power is given recognition. Through a client centred approach based on respect, acceptance and choice, I helped Raj to recognise her worth and power within the therapeutic relationship and thus e mpowering her. Rogers core conditions (1951) encourage women to damp power from inside them in order to attain improved self-awareness and to take control. Thus by allowing Raj to take control over what was happening in therapy, I was helping her become autonomous, and take control over the choices she wanted in life, whilst also protecting her from harm and understanding her cultural needs through empathy and UPR. The outgrowth in self-esteem would enable further self-awareness, which would later help achieve successful therapy outcomes from changes in personality and behaviour (Rogers, 1951). These points highlight that I had provided a good quality of care and maintained a good therapeutic relationship (BACP, 2010). It must be considered, it is due to the effective relationship that Raj felt comfortable to make the disclosure and through offering her power and autonomy and being honest, she felt comfortable with giving her consent as I was able to exemplify that her and Aarons safety was paramount.

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Alexander CaraccioloWorld Civilizations II (A)Spring 2014ARTICLEHitler and the Uniqueness of national socialismIan Kershaw, Journal of coeval History, Vol. 39, No. 2, Understanding Nazi Germany (Apr., 2004), pp. 239-254 I INTRODUCTIONThough Nazism can be sited as a form of fascism or type of totalitarianism, these universal concepts inadequately account for what was unique about the regime that unleashed such devastating inhumanity a terrible war of annihilation and the worst genocide the humanity has yet experienced. This article suggests the answer is located in a unique mixture of potent forces emulsified in a vicious cocktail, Hitlers dictatorship. The extraordinary power of his charismatic authority, the classifiable climate of German political culture, and the bureaucratic capacity of a highly unexampled state system ultimately lead to uprising and the uniqueness of Nazism.II. heavyset1.IntroductionIn the introduction, Ian Kershaw discusses what he considers common knowled ge about the Nazi regime. Through a series of counterexamples, he disproves these theories as the singular causes of Nazism uniqueness. The thought process that Hitler alone was unique is disproved, the idea that First World War was instrumental in Nazisms uniqueness was disproved and countless others.2. Hitlers IndispensabilityWhen describing Nazism it seems only natural to begin with Hitler. Although he himself cannot account for Nazisms uniqueness, his role as a dictator is indispensable in making this claim. Kershaw explains, no Hitler no SS-police state, no general European war by the late 1930s, no attack on the Soviet Union, no Holocaust, no state form _or_ system of government aimed at wiping out the Jews of Europe (245). Yet the forces that led to the undermining of law, to... ...mbodied and its corrupting effect on the instruments and mechanisms of the most advanced state in Europe. Both the broad adoption of the project of national salvation, seen as personified in Hi tler, and the internalization of the ideological goals by a new, modern power-elite, operating along-side weakened old elites through the bureaucratic sophistication of a modern state, were necessary prerequisites for the world-historical catastrophe of the Third Reich.III. SOURCESThis article is not based on any one primary source, but is instead smattered with the ideas from several historians. IV. SIGNIFICANCE/ diachronic CONTEXTIn addressing previous historical scholarship, Kershaw sheds new light on what is commonly thought of as Nazism. He recognizes other theories a being give way Nazism but uses several sources to explain how they were not what was unquie to it.